c++ 类模板 实例

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

template <class T>
class Stack 
{
	private:
		vector<T> elems;
	
	public:
		void push ( T const& );
	
		void pop ( );
	
		T top () const;
	
		bool empty () const
		{
			return elems.empty ( );
		}
};

template <class T>
void Stack <T> ::push ( T const& elem )
{
	elems.push_back(elem);
}

template <class T>
void Stack <T> ::pop ( )
{
	if ( elems.empty() )
	{
		throw out_of_range("Stack<>::pop( ): empty stack");
	}
	elems.pop_back ( );
}

template <class T>
T Stack <T> ::top ( ) const
{
	if ( elems.empty() )
	{
		throw out_of_range("Stack<>::top( ): empty stack");
	}
	return elems.back ( );
}


int main()
{
	try
	{
		Stack<int>  intStack;
		Stack<string>  stringStack;
		
		intStack.push(7);
		cout << intStack.top() << endl;
		
		stringStack.push("hello");
		cout << stringStack.top() << endl;
		stringStack.pop();
		stringStack.pop();
	}
	
	catch (exception const& ex)
	{
		cerr << "Exception:" << ex.what() <<endl;
		return -1;
	}
}

每个成员函数前都要加上模板 template .
类模板也只是针对不同的数据类型的方法.