Docker练习安装

Docker 安装Nginx

# 1、搜索镜像 search 建议去docker hub网站搜索，可以看到帮助文档
[root@localhost /]# docker search nginx
NAME                                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                                             Official build of Nginx.                        16808     [OK]       
linuxserver/nginx                                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   168                  
bitnami/nginx                                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      126                  [OK]
ubuntu/nginx                                      Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we…   48                   
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller                  Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr…   18                   [OK]
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller                                                                  10                   
clearlinux/nginx                                  Nginx reverse proxy server with the benefits…   4                    
ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller                   Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Commu…   4                    
bitnami/nginx-ldap-auth-daemon                                                                    3                    
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend                                                   2                    
bitnami/nginx-exporter                                                                            2                    
circleci/nginx                                    This image is for internal use                  2                    
vmware/nginx                                                                                      2                    
rancher/nginx                                                                                     1                    
vmware/nginx-photon                                                                               1                    
bitnami/nginx-intel                                                                               1                    
wallarm/nginx-ingress-controller                  Kubernetes Ingress Controller with Wallarm e…   1                    
rancher/nginx-ssl                                                                                 0                    
continuumio/nginx-ingress-ws                                                                      0                    
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-amd64                                                            0                    
rancher/nginx-conf                                                                                0                    
ibmcom/nginx-ppc64le                              Docker image for nginx-ppc64le                  0                    
ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller-ppc64le           Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Commu…   0                    
kasmweb/nginx                                     An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and in…   0                    
rancher/nginx-proxy

# 2、下载镜像 pull
[root@localhost /]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

# 3、运行测试
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago   141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB

# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 容器主机端口，容器内部端口
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
2bf073758788822c895ddeaa977d16b5107701b2e645f99e8a27aa71554f0995
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS             PORTS                                   NAMES
2bf073758788   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds       0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
91e922077534   centos    "/bin/bash"              12 days ago     Up About an hour                                           silly_elion
[root@localhost /]# curl localhost:3344

# 4、进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@2bf073758788:/# ls
bin   dev		   docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc			 lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@2bf073758788:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@2bf073758788:/# cd /etc/nginx 
root@2bf073758788:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d	fastcgi_params	mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
root@2bf073758788:/etc/nginx# 

端口暴露的概念图

思考问题？

我们每次改动nginx配置文件，都需要进入容器内部？这样十分的麻烦，是否可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器外部修改文件，容器内部就可以自动修改文件内容？-v 数据卷！

Docker 安装Tomcat

# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0

# 之前的启动都是后台启动方式，停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到， docker run -it --rm，一般用来测试，用完即刻删除

# 下载后再启动的方式
docker pull tomcat

# 启动运行
docker run -d -p 8888:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat

# 测试访问没有问题

# 进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash

# 发现问题：1、Linux命令少了，2、没有webapps.
# 因为时阿里云的镜像的原因，默认时下载的最小的tomcat镜像，所有的不必要的都剔除了，保证最小的环境可用

思考问题？

我们以后要部署项目，如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦？我要是可以再容器外部提供一个映射路径，webapps，我们再外部放置项目，就自动同步到内部就好了！