ubuntu18.04 上搭建kubernetes集群

一、准备工作

1、vwmare部署安装一台虚拟机Ubuntu 18.04

2、更新已安装的软件

apt-upgrade  #更新已安装的软件包

3、关闭防火墙

（1）sudo ufw status     #查看防火墙当前的状态
（2）sudo ufw disenable  #关闭防火墙,并设置开机禁用

4、关闭swap

（1）vim /etc/fstab  #编辑/etc/fstab

（2）注释掉swap相关条目

5、关闭selinxu

（1）vim /etc/selinux/config  #编辑配置文件

（2）SELINUX=disabled   #修改/etc/selinux/config文件中设置selinux为disabled

（3）reboot             #重启系统

6、更新yum源

yum源文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下

7、 安装docker，并设置其开机启动

参考docker官网：Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu | Docker Documentation

8、配置docker加速器

登录阿里云，获取加速器配置信息

9、修改内核参数，并设置其立即生效

（1） vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 

（2）在文件里添加如下内容，后保存
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call.iptables = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

（3）设置其立即生效
    systemctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

10、关闭虚拟机，并将其再克隆两份。

11、编辑设置三台虚拟机的使用固定IP。

三台及其IP依次为：192.168.26.50、192.168.26.51、192.168.26.52

（1）Ubuntu18.04采用的是netplan来管理network
    root@vms50:~# ls /etc/netplan/
    01-netcfg.yaml

（2）# cat  /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens32:
      dhcp4: no  #设置为no表示要使用固定IP
      addresses: [192.168.26.50/24] #静态IP地址
      gateway4: 192.168.26.2        #网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.26.2]    


（3）保存编辑内容


（4）使用如下命令设置其生效
    netplan apply

12、设置机器名称

（1）vim /etc/hostname  #主机名保存在/etc/hostname文件里

（2）保存编辑内容

二、安装Kubernetes

1、安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl

(1)、三台虚拟机都要添加 Kubernetes Signing Key

#添加密钥


#如果你可以访问Google时，使用此命令：
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add


#如果不能访问Google，请使用下面这条命令：
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -

#或者主机下载https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg文件后复制到虚拟机上，在虚拟机上cd到apt-key.gpg的目录下，再执行添加密钥命令：
apt-key add apt-key.gpg

(2)、三台虚拟机添加官方Kubernetes软件源

#添加官方Kubernetes软件源


#如果你可以访问kubernetes官方软件源http://apt.kubernetes.io，就使用下面命令：
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-bionic main
EOF


#如果不能访问官方地址，请使用阿里云软件源
echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

 (3)、三台虚拟机上都要先执行apt-get update命令

root@vms51:~# apt-get update
Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease [9,383 B]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease [242 kB]
Hit:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:7 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
Ign:9 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages
Get:9 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages [52.6 kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/restricted Sources [4,744 B]
...

(4)、三台虚拟机都有安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl，版本都是1.21.3-00

root@vms50:~# apt install -y kubelet=1.21.3-00 kubeadm=1.21.3-00 kubectl=1.21.3-00
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  conntrack cri-tools kubernetes-cni socat
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  conntrack cri-tools kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni socat
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
Need to get 72.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 313 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 cri-tools amd64 1.19.0-              00 [11.2 MB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 conntrack amd64 1:1.4.4+snapshot20161117-6u              buntu2 [30.6 kB]
...

(5)、然后再设置kubelet开机启动，并启动kubelet

root@vms52:~# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
root@vms52:~# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.21.3
root@vms52:~# 

2、准备镜像

（1）、所有节点上准备镜像，vim ./k8s.sh，然后输入一下内容

#!/bin/bash
images=(
 kube-apiserver:v1.21.3
 kube-controller-manager:v1.21.3
 kube-scheduler:v1.21.3
 kube-proxy:v1.21.3
 pause:3.2
 etcd:3.4.13-0
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
  docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName}
  docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName} k8s.gcr.io/${imageName}
  docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName}
done
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.8.0
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.8.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.0
docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.8.0

（2）给./k8s.sh 添加可执行权限，并执行

root@vms51:~# ls -al ./k8s.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 605 Jan 19 13:32 ./k8s.sh
root@vms51:~# chmod +x ./k8s.sh
root@vms51:~# ls -al ./k8s.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 605 Jan 19 13:32 ./k8s.sh
root@vms51:~# ./k8s.sh
v1.21.3: Pulling from google_containers/kube-apiserver
b49b96595fd4: Pull complete
b91f78c1d2c5: Pull complete
59e5d583c89f: Downloading [======================>                            ]  12.95MB/29.07MB
...

3、初始化Master

以下操作只在master节点上操作（在哪台机器上执行，那台机器就会是master，本例是用192.168.26.50做master节点）

（1）初始化master节点

root@vms50:~# kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12
I0119 13:49:30.170109    1674 version.go:254] remote version is much newer: v1.23.1; falling back to: stable-1.21
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.8
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local vms50.rhce.cc] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.26.50]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost vms50.rhce.cc] and IPs [192.168.26.50 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost vms50.rhce.cc] and IPs [192.168.26.50 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 11.003399 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.21" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node vms50.rhce.cc as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node vms50.rhce.cc as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 12bbdr.mp72q6cgz078h431
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.26.50:6443 --token 12bbdr.mp72q6cgz078h431 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7b55321bf0d86969b4e2b7158c9b4551f5417208f8cd327a67e345dd41b06217
root@vms50:~#

（2）根据步骤（1）的提示信息，在master上执行以下命令：

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

 export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

4、其他节点加入集群

（1）在其他节点（192.168.26.51、192.168.26.52）上执行如下命令就可以将work节点加入当前集群：

root@vms51:~# kubeadm join 192.168.26.50:6443 --token 12bbdr.mp72q6cgz078h431 \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7b55321bf0d86969b4e2b7158c9b4551f5417208f8cd327a67e345dd41b06217
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

root@vms51:~#

（2）在master上查看节点

root@vms50:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
vms50.rhce.cc   NotReady   control-plane,master   7m    v1.21.3
vms51.rhce.cc   NotReady   <none>                 28s   v1.21.3
vms52.rhce.cc   NotReady   <none>                 9s    v1.21.3
root@vms50:~#

5、安装calico网络

（1）下载calico.yaml

https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml
（2）修改calico.yaml的pod网段，要将其修改为kubeadm init时选项--pod-network-cidr选项所指定的网段。

（3）所有节点上下载calico.yaml文件内要用到的镜像

 

（4）在master上执行 kubectl apply命令

root@vms50:~# kubectl apply -f calico.yml
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
root@vms50:~# 

（5）过一分钟左右，在master上执行 kubectl get nodes命令，就可以看到节点的网络是Ready状态了

root@vms50:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
vms50.rhce.cc   NotReady   control-plane,master   46m   v1.21.3
vms51.rhce.cc   NotReady   <none>                 39m   v1.21.3
vms52.rhce.cc   NotReady   <none>                 39m   v1.21.3
root@vms50:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
vms50.rhce.cc   Ready    control-plane,master   47m   v1.21.3
vms51.rhce.cc   Ready    <none>                 40m   v1.21.3
vms52.rhce.cc   Ready    <none>                 40m   v1.21.3
root@vms50:~#

三、设置

1、 设置智能提示

编辑 /etc/profile 文件，在文件首行插入一行命令：source <(kubectl completion bash)

root@vms50:~# cat /etc/profile
source <(kubectl completion bash)
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).
...

设置其生效：

root@vms50:~# source /etc/profile

到这里，Ubuntu18.04上部署搭建kubernetes集群就成功了。

现在就可以查看集群信息了：

root@vms50:~# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.26.50:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.26.50:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
root@vms50:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
vms50.rhce.cc   Ready    control-plane,master   5h47m   v1.21.3
vms51.rhce.cc   Ready    <none>                 5h40m   v1.21.3
vms52.rhce.cc   Ready    <none>                 5h40m   v1.21.3
root@vms50:~# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-6b59cd85f8-hqs2t   1/1     Running   0          5h1m
kube-system   calico-node-cxjch                          1/1     Running   0          5h1m
kube-system   calico-node-lxbcg                          1/1     Running   0          5h1m
kube-system   calico-node-r7fwn                          1/1     Running   0          5h1m
kube-system   coredns-59d64cd4d4-lphk7                   1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   coredns-59d64cd4d4-zt7cf                   1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   etcd-vms50.rhce.cc                         1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-vms50.rhce.cc               1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-vms50.rhce.cc      1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   kube-proxy-8xnms                           1/1     Running   0          5h40m
kube-system   kube-proxy-wcbps                           1/1     Running   0          5h47m
kube-system   kube-proxy-zcmw7                           1/1     Running   0          5h41m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-vms50.rhce.cc               1/1     Running   0          5h47m
root@vms50:~#