1、显示/etc目录下,以非字母开头,后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件或目录
[root@centos85 ~]# ls /etc/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]* /etc/8a.txt [root@centos85 ~]#
2、复制/etc目录下所有以p开头,以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录中。
cp /etc/p*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1/
[root@centos85 tmp]# mkdir /tmp/mytest1 [root@centos85 tmp]# cp /etc/p*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1/
3、将/etc/issue文件中的内容转换为大写后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中
[root@centos85 tmp]# tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < /etc/issue >> /tmp/issue.out [root@centos85 tmp]# cat /tmp/issue.out \S KERNEL \R ON AN \M [root@centos85 tmp]#
4、请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习:
useradd userdel usermod groupadd groupmod groupdel chown chrgp cat /etc/passwd setfacl
setfacl命令 – 设置文件ACL规则 getfacl命令 – 显示文件或目录的ACL chattr命令 – 更改文件属性 +i -i chmod命令 – 改变文件或目录权限
(1)、创建组distro,其GID为2019;
[root@centos85 ~]# [root@centos85 ~]# groupadd -g 2019 distro [root@centos85 ~]# cat /etc/group ...... distro:x:2019: wang:x:1003: peguin:x:2020:slackware mageia:x:1100: [root@centos85 ~]#
(2)、创建用户mandriva, 其ID号为1005;基本组为distro;
[root@centos85 ~]#useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva [root@centos85 ~]# id mandriva uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro)
(3)、创建用户mageia,其ID号为1100,家目录为/home/linux;
useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia
[root@centos85 ~]#useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia [root@centos85 ~]# id mageia uid=1100(mageia) gid=1100(mageia) groups=1100(mageia) [root@centos85 ~]# ls /home/ linux [root@centos85 ~]#
(4)、给用户mageia添加密码,密码为mageedu,并设置用户密码7天后过期
passwd mageia
passwd -x 7 mageia
范例
[root@centos85 ~]#passwd mageia Changing password for user mageia. New password: #设置密码 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: #再次确认密码 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@centos85 ~]# passwd -S mageia #显示账号密码信息 mageia PS 2022-01-06 0 7 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.) [root@centos85 ~]#
[root@centos85 ~]# passwd -x 7 mageia #设置密码7日限制 Adjusting aging data for user mageia. passwd: Success [root@centos85 ~]# chage -l mageia #配置文件查看 Last password change : Jan 06, 2022 Password expires : Jan 13, 2022 Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 7 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7 [root@centos85 ~]#
(5)、删除mandriva,但保留其家目录;
userdel mandriva
范例
[root@centos85 ~]#userdel mandriva
(6)、创建用户slackware,其ID号为2002,基本组为distro,附加组peguin;
[root@centos85 ~]# groupadd peguin
useradd slackware -u 2002 -g distro slckware -G peguin
范例
[root@centos85 ~]#groupadd peguin
useradd slackware -u 2002 -g distro slckware -G peguin
(7)、修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh;
usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware
[root@centos85 ~]#usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware [root@centos85 ~]#getent passwd slackware slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
(8)、为用户slackware新增附加组admins,并设置不可登陆。
groupadd admins
usermod -s /sbin/nologin slackware -G admins[root@centos85 ~]# groupadd admins [root@centos85 ~]# usermod -s /sbin/nologin slackware -G admins [root@centos85 ~]# getent passwd slackware slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/sbin/nologin [root@centos85 ~]#
5、创建用户user1、user2、user3。在/data/下创建目录test
useradd user1;useradd user2;useradd user3;mkdir /data/test
[root@centos85 data]# useradd user1;useradd user2;useradd user3;mkdir /data/test [root@centos85 data]# getent passwd |grep user* clevis:x:976:976:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user1:x:2003:2003::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:2004:2004::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:2005:2005::/home/user3:/bin/bash [root@centos85 data]#
(1)、目录/data/test属主、属组为user1
chown user1 /data/test;chgrp user1 /data/test
[root@centos85 data]# chown user1 /data/test;chgrp user1 /data/test [root@centos85 data]# ll -d /data/test drwxr-xr-x. 2 user1 user1 6 Jan 7 09:31 /data/test
(2)、在目录属主、属组不变的情况下,user2对文件有读写权限
setfacl -m u:user2:rw /data/test
[root@centos85 data]# setfacl -m u:user2:rw /data/test [root@centos85 data]# getfacl /data/test getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: data/test # owner: user1 # group: user1 user::rwx user:user2:rw- group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x [root@centos85 data]#
(3)、user1在/data/test目录下创建文件a1.sh, a2.sh, a3.sh, a4.sh,设置所有用户都不可删除a1.sh,a2.sh文件、除了user1及root之外,所有用户都不可删除a3.sh, a4.sh
[root@centos85 ~]# su - user1 [user1@centos85 ~]$ touch a{1..4}.sh /data/test/ [user1@centos85 ~]$ ls /data/test a1.sh a2.sh a3.sh a4.sh
[root@centos85 test]# su user1 [user1@centos85 test]$ chattr +i /data/test/a{1..2}.sh [user1@centos85 test]# rm a{1..2}.sh rm: remove regular empty file 'a1.sh'? y rm: cannot remove 'a1.sh': Operation not permitted rm: remove regular empty file 'a2.sh'? y rm: cannot remove 'a2.sh': Operation not permitted [user1@centos85 test]# ls /data/test a1.sh a2.sh a3.sh a4.sh
[user1@centos85 test]$ chmod o+t a3.sh a4.sh [user1@centos85 test]$ ll total 0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 7 11:04 a1.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 7 10:42 a2.sh -rw-rw-r-t. 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 7 10:42 a3.sh -rw-rw-r-T. 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 7 12:59 a4.sh [user1@centos85 test]$
(4)、user3增加附加组user1,同时要求user1不能访问/data/test目录及其下所有文件
[root@centos85 data]# usermod user1 -G user3 [root@centos85 data]# setfacl -m u:user1:--- /data/test
(5)、清理/data/test目录及其下所有文件的acl权限
setfacl -R -b /data/test
[root@centos85 data]# setfacl -R -b /data/test [root@centos85 data]# getfacl /data/test getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: data/test # owner: user1 # group: user1 user::--- group::r-x other::--- [root@centos85 data]#