C++第13周项目多态性 【项目2-动物这样叫】

/*
 *copyright(c) 2016,烟台大学计算机学院
 *All rights reserved
 *文件名称：test.cpp
 *作者：谭泽纯
 *版本：v6.0
 *

 *问题描述：

下面是给出的基类Animal声明和main()函数。

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">class Animal
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
  virtual <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> cry()
    {
      cout<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><<</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"不知哪种动物，让我如何学叫？"</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><<</span>endl;
    }
};
int main( )
{
    Animal <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">*</span>p;
    p <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Animal();
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    Mouse m1(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Jerry"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'m'</span>); 
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=&</span>m1;
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    Mouse m2(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Jemmy"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'f'</span>);
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=&</span>m2;
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    Cat c1(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Tom"</span>);
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=&</span>c1;
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    Dog d1(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Droopy"</span>);
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=&</span>d1;
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    Giraffe g1(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Gill"</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'m'</span>);
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=&</span>g1;
    p<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>cry(); 
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>

　　程序的运行结果将是： 
 
　　1、根据给出的main()函数和运行结果的提示，设计出相关的各个类，注意观察运行结果，提取出每个类中需要的数据成员，并匹配上需要的成员函数。 
　　2、显然，Animal设计为抽象类更合适，Animal不需要能够实例化，是专门作基类使用的。改造程序，使Animal设计为抽象类，这时main()函数中p = new Animal();将出错，将此行删除。 
　　3、每一个Animal的派生类都有一个“名字”数据成员，这个成员设置为基类Animal的成员更好。改造上面的程序，将“名字”成员作为抽象类Animal数据成员被各派生类使用。

#include <iostream>


using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
    Animal(){}
  virtual void cry()
    {
      cout<<"不知哪种动物，让我如何学叫？"<<endl;
    }
};


class Mouse:public Animal
{
    private:
        string name;
        char sex;
    public:
        Mouse(string na,char se):name(na),sex(se){}
        void cry()
        {
        if(sex=='m')
            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只男老鼠，我的叫声是：吱吱吱！"<<endl;
        else
            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只女老鼠，我的叫声是：吱吱吱！"<<endl;
        }
};
class Cat:public Animal
{
    private:
        string name;
    public:
        Cat(string na):name(na){}
        void cry()
        {


            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只猫，我的叫声是：喵喵喵！"<<endl;


        }
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
    private:
        string name;
    public:
        Dog(string na):name(na){}
        void cry()
        {


            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只狗，我的叫声是：汪汪汪！"<<endl;
        }
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
    private:
        string name;
        char sex;
    public:
        Giraffe(string na,char se):name(na),sex(se){}
        void cry()
        {
        if(sex=='m')
            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只男长颈鹿，我的脖子太长，发不出声音来"<<endl;
        else
            cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"，是一只女长颈鹿，我的脖子太长，发不出声音来"<<endl;
        }
};
int main( )
{
    Animal *p;
    p = new Animal();
    p->cry();
    Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
    p=&m1;
    p->cry();
    Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
    p=&m2;
    p->cry();
    Cat c1("Tom");
    p=&c1;
    p->cry();
    Dog d1("Droopy");
    p=&d1;
    p->cry();
    Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
    p=&g1;
    p->cry();
    return 0;
}