R6为ISP，接口IP地址都为公有地址；这台设备只能配置IP地址，之后在其上无法产生其他任何配置；R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配。R1、R2、R4，各有两个环回地址；R5、R6有一个环回地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；R3下的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回的共同拥有的IP地址时，实际登录到R1上；R4与R5正常通过1000兆链路，故障时通过100兆链路。
由实验拓扑结构中我们可以知道，R1-R5为内网，R6为外网，R3下的PC端逗是需要用DHCP来自动获取，R1-R5之间的链路总共有6条，每一条链路均需要一条网段 ，R1、R2、R4、R5均拥有环回接口，每一个环回都需要配一个网段，并且部分环回还需要方便汇总，所以可以将192.168.1.0/24划分为8个网段。
其中有一部分路由条目可以由缺省路由代替，同时也会其指向边界路由，可以达到减少路由条目数量的目的。但是每个路由器上都有可能会出现路由黑洞，因为当路由黑洞与缺省路由相遇后一定会出现环路，需要在每一个路由器上手动添加空接口，防止形成环路。当链路正常时走1000兆线路，故障时走100兆线路，可以修改让100兆线路的优先进行。
将IP规划好后，开始配置各个路由器：
AR1：
<Huawei>sys
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display ip int
[Huawei]display ip interface b
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.1/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.5/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 192.168.1.33/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.49/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[Huawei]
//以上为配置各个端口以及环回地址
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rot
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
//以上两条为缺省路由，为解决第二个问题
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
//以上为配置静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
//以上为避免环路问题
AR2：
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int ;o
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:29-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:55-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display ip int
[Huawei]display ip interface b
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.2/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.9/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 192.168.1.65/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.81/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[Huawei]
//配置各个端口及环回
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]
//静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0
//避免环路
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int ;o
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:29-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:55-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display ip int
[Huawei]display ip interface b
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.2/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.9/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 192.168.1.65/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.81/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[Huawei]
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
//静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0
//以上避免环路问题
AR3：
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Jul 10 2022 01:13:57-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 10 2022 01:14:22-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display ip int
[Huawei]display ip interface b
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.6/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.13/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 192.168.1.97/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.113/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[Huawei]
//端口配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
//静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null 0
//避免环路
AR4：
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
Jul 10 2022 01:17:14-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 10 2022 01:17:58-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 10 2022 01:18:35-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g4/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip ad
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
Jul 10 2022 01:19:10-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]q
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display ip int
[Huawei]display ip interface b
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.14/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.10/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.21/30 up up
GigabitEthernet4/0/0 192.168.1.17/30 up up
LoopBack0 192.168.1.129/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.145/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[Huawei]
//端口配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[Huawei]
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip
[Huawei]ip ro
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]
//静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.128 27 null 0
//避免环路
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
//AR4配置缺省路由优先级
[Huawei]interface GigabitEtherent 4/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEtherent 4/0/0]shutdown
//断掉4/0/0接口
AR5：
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.22/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.18/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 5.5.5.5/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
//端口
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
//AR5向AR4的通信备份
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