ES索引API

coder_xiaoyou

已于 2022-04-10 23:03:31 修改

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分类专栏： ElasticSearch 文章标签：数据库

于 2022-03-20 22:42:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Loser_you/article/details/123623712

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本文详细对比了Elasticsearch（ES）和MySQL在数据库、索引和文档操作上的差异，包括创建、查询、删除索引的过程，并介绍了ES特有的设置如克隆、修改配置和滚动搜索等功能，提供了丰富的示例代码。

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es与mysql对比

MySQL	ES
database	index
table	doc
row	document

一、索引操作

前置信息：

es安装在192.168.1.51机器上

String baseUrl = "http://192.168.1.51:9200/";

1.1 创建索引

在kibana中，执行以下请求，就可以创建索引：

PUT /<index>
PUT /test-index-01

@Test
public void createIndex() {
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.putWithJson(url, JSON.toJSONString(new HashMap<String, String>()), null);
    System.out.println(result);
}

在创建索引时，指定一些配置项（执行主分片数为3，副分片数为2）：

PUT /test-index-01
{
  "settings": {
    "index": {
      "number_of_shards": 3,  
      "number_of_replicas": 2 
    }
  }
}

@Test
public void createIndex02() {
    String content = "{\"settings\":{\"index\":{\"number_of_shards\":3,\"number_of_replicas\":2}}}";
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.putWithJson(url, content, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

或者：

PUT /test-index-01
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 2
  }
}

在创建索引时，指定document中的字段类型等信息（注意，elasticsearch在高版本中，不在支持指定索引类型，相当于一个mysql中，一个database中只能有一个table）：

PUT /test-index-01
{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 3,
        "number_of_replicas": 1
    },
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "id": {
                "type": "keyword"
            },
            "name": {
                "type": "text"
            },
            "age": {
                "type": "integer"
            }
        }
    }
}

@Test
public void createIndex03() throws IOException {
    String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(basePath + "index.json")));
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.putWithJson(url, content, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

索引创建成功后，会返回以下信息：

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "test-index-01"
}

1.2 查询索引

查询单个索引信息

GET /test-index-03

@Test
public void queryIndex() {
    String indexName = "test-index-03";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.get(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

查询多个索引

GET /test-index-02,test-index-03

@Test
public void queryIndex() {
    String indexName = "test-index-02,test-index-03";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.get(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

查询所有索引

GET /_cat/indices

@Test
public void queryAllIndex() {
    String url = BASE_URL + "/_cat/indices";
    String result = RestClient.get(url);
    System.out.println(result);
}

1.3 删除索引

删除单个索引

   DELETE /test-index-01

   @Test
   public void deleteIndex() {
       String indexName = "test-index-01";
       String url = baseUrl + indexName;
       String result = RestClient.delete(url, null, null);
       System.out.println("result = " + result);
   }

删除多个索引

   DELETE /test-index-01,test-index-02,test-index-03

   @Test
   public void deleteIndex() {
       String indexName = "test-index-01,test-index-02,test-index-03";
       String url = baseUrl + indexName;
       String result = RestClient.delete(url, null, null);
       System.out.println("result = " + result);
   }

1.4 判断索引是否存在

判断单个索引是否存在，如果存在，返回200；不存在，返回404

HEAD test-index-01

@Test
public void existTest() {
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.head(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

判断多个索引是否存在，其中某一个不存在，则返回404；全部存在，则返回200

HEAD test-index-01,test-index-02

@Test
public void existTest() {
    String indexName = "test-index-01,test-index-02";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName;
    String result = RestClient.head(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

1.5 关闭索引

关闭索引后，不能往向该索引写入数据，也不能从该索引中读取数据

POST /test-index-01/_close

@Test
public void closeIndex() {
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName + "/_close";
    String result = RestClient.postWithJson(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

1.6 打开索引

POST /test-index-01/_open

@Test
public void closeIndex() {
    String indexName = "test-index-01";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName + "/_open";
    String result = RestClient.postWithJson(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

1.7 克隆索引

在克隆索引之前，需要确保源索引是只读状态，使用以下请求能修改索引的读写状态：

PUT /test-index-03/_settings
{
  "settings": {
    "index.blocks.write": true
  }
}

@Test
public void updateIndexConfig() throws IOException {
    String content = readFile("indexConfig.json");
    String indexName = "test-index-03";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName + "/_settings";
    String result = RestClient.putWithJson(url, content, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

克隆索引

POST /originIndex/_clone/targetIndex

@Test
public void cloneIndexTest() {
    String originIndex = "test-index-03";
    String targetIndex = "test-index-04";
    String url = baseUrl + originIndex + "/_clone/" + targetIndex;
    String result = RestClient.postWithJson(url, null, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

克隆索引时，能复制大部分的配置信息，但是也有一些配置不能复制（例如：index.number_of_replicas，index.auto_expand_replicas），可以在克隆时，指定新索引的配置信息

对于配置index.number_of_shards配置，如果指定，必须和源index相同

POST /originIndex/_clone/targetIndex
{
  "settings": {
    "index.number_of_shards": 3
  },
  "aliases": {
    "my_search_indices": {}
  }
}

@Test
public void cloneIndexTest() {
    String originIndex = "test-index-03";
    String targetIndex = "test-index-04";
    String url = baseUrl + originIndex + "/_clone/" + targetIndex;
    String indexConfig = readFile("indexConfig.json");
    String result = RestClient.postWithJson(url, indexConfig, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

1.8 修改索引配置

修改最大查询数量，默认情况下，es最大能查询10000条数据

PUT /test-index-03/_settings
{
    "settings": {
        "index.max_result_window": 100000
    }
}

@Test
public void updateMaxResult() {
    String indexConfig = readFile("indexConfig.json");
    String indexName = "test-index-03";
    String url = baseUrl + indexName + "_settings";
    String result = RestClient.putWithJson(url, indexConfig, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}

1.9 收缩索引

1.10 扩展索引

1.11 模糊搜索索引

GET /_resolve/index/test-index*?expand_wildcards=all

@Test
public void queryIndexTest() {
    String indexName = "test-index*";
    String url = baseUrl + "_resolve/index/" + indexName;
    Map<String, String> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
    // 查询索引匹配上的索引，不管索引目前处于何种状态
    paramMap.put("expand_wildcards", "all");
    String result = RestClient.get(url, paramMap, null);
    System.out.println("result = " + result);
}