前言
好久以前玩过OCI, 当时应该记录一下的。
这次想写个OCI的测试程序,客户端OCI开发环境问题弄的老费劲了。
OCIServerAttach那显示错误: ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符.
为了解决OCI编程环境问题,纠结了好久.
上网查ORA-12154错误,解决方法都是千奇百怪的,因为每个人的开发环境和上下文都不同。
要不是集中时间来解决,还真搞不定。
解决问题时,查资料是一方面,自己捣鼓还是主要的,能遇到开发环境和上下文都和自己一样的问题答案还真是少见。
OCI开发环境设定要点
- 服务器端的监听程序配置文件,要加入全局tns服务名称,然后重新停止,启动服务器端监听程序。
// C:\app\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\app\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\admin\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.154.130)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\app\admin
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status
- 只需要安装oracle客户端软件中的开发软件(第三项),不需要配置ODBC数据源。
- OCIServerAttach要连接的是oracle客户端软件(网络配置助手)配置出来的TNS服务名称。
要先用客户端的oracle网络助手先配置出监听程序和远端的服务名称 - 工程要编译成win64的。
测试效果
connect local tns service name [orcl], user name = [system], password = [system]
do oci task
sw_rc = OCIStmtExecute(h_oci_context, h_oci_stmt, h_oci_error, (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, OCI_DEFAULT);
query result set :
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &fieldCount, NULL, OCI_ATTR_PARAM_COUNT, h_oci_error);
query result set columns = 3
columns 1 :
g_col_info[0].m_i_data_type_org = 1
name = TOPIC
name len = 5
data len = 50
g_col_info[0].m_i_data_type_now = 1
----------------------------------------
columns 2 :
g_col_info[1].m_i_data_type_org = 2
name = SEQ
name len = 3
data len = 22
g_col_info[1].m_i_data_type_now = 1
----------------------------------------
columns 3 :
g_col_info[2].m_i_data_type_org = 1
name = INFO
name len = 4
data len = 80
g_col_info[2].m_i_data_type_now = 1
----------------------------------------
row[0]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[0]col[1] = 1
row[0]col[2] =
----------------------------------------
row[1]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[1]col[1] = 2
row[1]col[2] = ACCEPT
----------------------------------------
row[2]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[2]col[1] = 3
row[2]col[2] = ------
----------------------------------------
row[3]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[3]col[1] = 4
row[3]col[2] =
----------------------------------------
row[4]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[4]col[1] = 5
row[4]col[2] = Reads a line of input and stores it in a given substitution variable.
----------------------------------------
row[5]col[0] = ACCEPT
row[5]col[1] = 6
row[5]col[2] =
----------------------------------------
ok : db operation over
END
请按任意键继续. . .
测试程序
// @file oci_test_on_vs2017.cpp
// @brief test oci interface
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
// OCI开发环境配置
// 远端oracle服务器端装好,配好TNS服务名称
//
// 安装oracle客户端软件时,选第3项(开发工具).
// oracle客户端安装完后,用自带的网络助手配置监听器和远端的TNS服务名称
//
// 将工程设定为win64, 包含进OCI头文件和库文件.
// 在打开远端oracle服务器(进入服务器桌面)的情况下,就可以运行调试测试程序了.
// 不用配ODBS的DSN.
#include "oci.h"
// oci.lib is win64, win32编译不过.
#pragma comment(lib, "oci.lib")
// 用oracle网络助手配置的远端网络服务名称, 不是ODBC助手配置出来的dsn名称
#define REMOTE_TNS_SERVICE_NAME "orcl" // 服务名称不区分大小写
#define DB_USER_NAME "system"
#define DB_USER_PWD "system"
typedef struct _tag_col_info{
char* m_psz_name;
int m_i_len_name;
int m_i_data_type_org;
int m_i_data_type_now;
char* m_psz_data;
int m_i_len_data;
_tag_col_info() {
m_psz_name = NULL;
m_i_len_name = 0;
m_i_data_type_org = SQLT_CHR;
m_i_data_type_now = SQLT_CHR;
m_psz_data = NULL;
m_i_len_data = 0;
}
void clear() {
if (NULL != m_psz_name) {
delete [] m_psz_name;
m_psz_name = NULL;
}
if (NULL != m_psz_data) {
delete [] m_psz_data;
m_psz_data = NULL;
}
m_i_len_name = 0;
m_i_len_data = 0;
m_i_data_type_org = SQLT_CHR;
m_i_data_type_now = SQLT_CHR;
}
}TAG_COL_INFO;
std::string get_oci_error(const char* psz_tip, OCIError* h_oci_error);
void print_oci_error(const char* psz_tip, OCIError* h_oci_error);
void do_oci_task(OCIEnv* h_oci_env, OCIServer* h_oci_server, OCIError* h_oci_error, OCISvcCtx* h_oci_context, OCISession* h_oci_user);
void case_oci_opt();
int g_i_columns_cnt = 0;
TAG_COL_INFO g_col_info[100];
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
case_oci_opt();
printf("END\n");
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void case_oci_opt()
{
sword sw_rc = 0;
sword sw_tmp = 0;
OCIEnv* h_oci_env = NULL; // 环境句柄
OCIServer* h_oci_server = NULL; // 服务器句柄
OCIError* h_oci_error = NULL; // 错误句柄
OCISvcCtx* h_oci_context = NULL; // 上下文句柄
OCISession* h_oci_user = NULL; // 用户句柄
sb4 errcode = 0;
char sz_buf[4096] = {'\0'};
do {
// 打印数据库连接信息
printf("connect local tns service name [%s], user name = [%s], password = [%s]\r\n",
REMOTE_TNS_SERVICE_NAME,
DB_USER_NAME,
DB_USER_PWD);
// 创建环境句柄(线程和环境对象)
sw_rc = OCIEnvCreate(&h_oci_env, OCI_THREADED | OCI_OBJECT, (dvoid*)0, 0, 0, 0, (size_t)0, (dvoid**)0);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create env handle", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 创建服务器句柄
sw_rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid*)h_oci_env, (dvoid**)&h_oci_server, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, (dvoid**)0);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create service handle", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 创建错误句柄
sw_rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid*)h_oci_env, (dvoid**)&h_oci_error, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, 0, (dvoid**)0);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create error handle", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// OCI连接的不是ODBC DSN名称
// my_oracle_dsn
// ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符
// OCI连接的是远端TNS服务名称
// TNSPING ORCL
// 成功
// 如果远端的oracle服务器关了,这里会显示错误:连接超时
// ORA-12170: TNS: 连接超时
// 连接远程数据库(tns服务名称)
sw_rc = OCIServerAttach(h_oci_server, h_oci_error,
(text*)REMOTE_TNS_SERVICE_NAME,
(sb4)strlen(REMOTE_TNS_SERVICE_NAME),
OCI_DEFAULT);
// packet 1~18
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : remote database connect", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 创建上下文
sw_rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid*)h_oci_env, (dvoid**)&h_oci_context, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, 0, (dvoid**)0);
// packet 19~20
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create context", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 设置上下文属性
sw_rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid**)h_oci_context, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid*)h_oci_server, (ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : set context", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 创建用户句柄
sw_rc = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid*)h_oci_env, (dvoid**)&h_oci_user, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, (dvoid**)0);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create user", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 设置用户名
sw_rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid*)h_oci_user, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid*)DB_USER_NAME, (ub4)strlen(DB_USER_NAME), OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : set user name", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 设置口令
sw_rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid*)h_oci_user, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid*)DB_USER_PWD, (ub4)strlen(DB_USER_PWD), OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : set user password", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 会话开始
sw_rc = OCISessionBegin(h_oci_context, h_oci_error, h_oci_user, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, OCI_DEFAULT);
// packet 21~26
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : session begin", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 在会话上设置用户信息
sw_rc = OCIAttrSet((dvoid*)h_oci_context, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid*)h_oci_user, (ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : set user info on service handle", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 干活
do_oci_task(h_oci_env, h_oci_server, h_oci_error, h_oci_context, h_oci_user);
printf("ok : db operation over\r\n");
} while (0);
// 会话结束
sw_rc = OCISessionEnd(h_oci_context, h_oci_error, h_oci_user, OCI_DEFAULT);
// packet 39~41
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : end session", h_oci_error);
}
// 断开连接
sw_rc = OCIServerDetach(h_oci_server, h_oci_error, OCI_DEFAULT);
// packet 42`46
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : detach server", h_oci_error);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// 释放句柄
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_user, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_SESSION", h_oci_error);
}
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_context, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX", h_oci_error);
}
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_error, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_ERROR", NULL);
}
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_server, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_SERVER", NULL);
}
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_env, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_ENV", NULL);
}
}
std::string get_oci_error(const char* psz_tip, OCIError* h_oci_error)
{
char sz_buf[4096] = { '\0' };
sword sw_rc = 0;
sb4 errcode = 0;
std::string str_rc = "";
if (NULL != psz_tip) {
str_rc += psz_tip;
}
str_rc += "\r\n";
if (NULL != h_oci_error) {
sw_rc = OCIErrorGet(
h_oci_error,
(ub4)1,
(text*)NULL,
&errcode,
(OraText*)sz_buf,
(ub4)sizeof(sz_buf),
(b4)OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
if (OCI_SUCCESS == sw_rc) {
str_rc += "\t";
str_rc += sz_buf;
}
}
return str_rc;
}
void print_oci_error(const char* psz_tip, OCIError* h_oci_error)
{
printf("%s\r\n", get_oci_error(psz_tip, h_oci_error).c_str());
}
void do_oci_task(OCIEnv* h_oci_env, OCIServer* h_oci_server, OCIError* h_oci_error, OCISvcCtx* h_oci_context, OCISession* h_oci_user)
{
// 从oracle原生数据库中选择一条唯一的记录
// select * from help where topic = 'ACCEPT' AND SEQ = 7;
// OraText* ora_text_select = (OraText*)"select * from help where topic = 'ACCEPT' AND SEQ = 7"; // 只有1条
OraText* ora_text_select = (OraText*)"select * from help where topic = 'ACCEPT' AND SEQ < 7"; // 共7条
sword sw_rc = 0;
OCIStmt* h_oci_stmt = NULL; // SQL语句句柄
OCIDefine* h_oci_define = NULL;
OCIParam* h_oci_param = NULL;
OraText* colName = NULL;
ub4 colNameSize = 0;
ub2 stmt_type = 0; // SQL语句类型
ub4 fieldCount = 0; // 结果集字段数量
ub4 i_index = 0;
int i_row_index = 0;
ub4 col_len = 0;
ub4 col_lenSize = 0;
int dtypeNew = 0;
ub4 dtype = 0;
do {
if ((NULL == h_oci_env)
|| (NULL == h_oci_server)
|| (NULL == h_oci_error)
|| (NULL == h_oci_user)
|| (NULL == h_oci_context)) {
printf("oci handle invalid\r\n");
break;
}
printf("do oci task\r\n");
// 建立SQL语句句柄
sw_rc = OCIHandleAlloc(h_oci_env, (void**)&h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid**)0);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : create OCI_HTYPE_STMT", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 准备SQL语句
sw_rc = OCIStmtPrepare(h_oci_stmt, h_oci_error, ora_text_select, (ub4)strlen((const char*)ora_text_select), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCIStmtPrepare", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 执行SQL
printf("sw_rc = OCIStmtExecute(h_oci_context, h_oci_stmt, h_oci_error, (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, OCI_DEFAULT);\r\n");
sw_rc = OCIStmtExecute(h_oci_context, h_oci_stmt, h_oci_error, (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, (OCISnapshot*)0, OCI_DEFAULT);
// packet 27~29
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCIStmtExecute", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 获取SQL语句类型
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &stmt_type, NULL, OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE", h_oci_error);
break;
}
// 取结果集列信息
if (OCI_STMT_SELECT == stmt_type) {
printf("query result set :\r\n");
printf("sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &fieldCount, NULL, OCI_ATTR_PARAM_COUNT, h_oci_error);\r\n");
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &fieldCount, NULL, OCI_ATTR_PARAM_COUNT, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE", h_oci_error);
break;
}
printf("query result set columns = %d\r\n", fieldCount);
g_i_columns_cnt = fieldCount;
for (i_index = 0; i_index < fieldCount; i_index++) {
h_oci_param = NULL;
dtype = 0;
printf("columns %d : \r\n", i_index + 1);
ub4 dtypeSize = sizeof(dtype);
sw_rc = OCIParamGet(h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, h_oci_error, (void**)&h_oci_param, i_index + 1);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc)
{
print_oci_error("error : OCIParamGet", h_oci_error);
break;
}
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_param, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &dtype, &dtypeSize, OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc)
{
print_oci_error("error : OCIAttrGet", h_oci_error);
break;
}
g_col_info[i_index].m_i_data_type_org = (int)dtype;
printf("\tg_col_info[%d].m_i_data_type_org = %d\r\n", i_index, g_col_info[i_index].m_i_data_type_org);
colName = NULL;
colNameSize = sizeof(colName);
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_param, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &colName, &colNameSize, OCI_ATTR_NAME, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc)
{
print_oci_error("error : OCIAttrGet", h_oci_error);
break;
}
g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_name = (int)colNameSize;
g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_name = new char[g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_name + 1];
memset(g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_name, 0, g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_name + 1);
strcpy_s(g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_name, g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_name + 1, (char*)colName);
printf("\tname = %s\r\n", (char*)colName);
printf("\tname len = %d\r\n", (int)colNameSize);
col_len = 0;
col_lenSize = sizeof(col_len);
dtypeNew = SQLT_CHR;
switch (dtype)
{
case SQLT_DAT:
case SQLT_DATE:
case SQLT_TIME:
case SQLT_TIME_TZ:
case SQLT_TIMESTAMP:
case SQLT_TIMESTAMP_TZ:
case SQLT_TIMESTAMP_LTZ:
{
dtypeNew = SQLT_ODT;
col_len = sizeof(OCIDate);
}
break;
case SQLT_CLOB:
case SQLT_CHR:
case SQLT_INT:
case SQLT_UIN:
case SQLT_NUM:
case SQLT_FLT:
case SQLT_STR:
case SQLT_VNU:
case SQLT_LNG:
case SQLT_VCS:
case SQLT_LVC:
case SQLT_AFC:
case SQLT_AVC:
{
sw_rc = OCIAttrGet(h_oci_param, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &col_len, &col_lenSize, OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, h_oci_error);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc)
{
print_oci_error("error : OCIAttrGet", h_oci_error);
break;
}
printf("\tdata len = %d\r\n", (int)col_len);
dtypeNew = SQLT_CHR;
}
break;
default:
// assert(0);
break;
}
g_col_info[i_index].m_i_data_type_now = (int)dtypeNew;
printf("\tg_col_info[%d].m_i_data_type_now = %d\r\n", i_index, g_col_info[i_index].m_i_data_type_now);
g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_data = (int)col_len;
g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_data = new char[g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_data + 1];
memset(g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_data, 0, g_col_info[i_index].m_i_len_data + 1);
h_oci_define = NULL;
sw_rc = OCIDefineByPos(h_oci_stmt, &h_oci_define, h_oci_error, i_index + 1, g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_data, col_len * sizeof(char), dtypeNew, 0, 0, 0, OCI_DEFAULT);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc)
{
print_oci_error("error : OCIDefineByPos", h_oci_error);
break;
}
printf("----------------------------------------\r\n");
}
}
// 遍历行集
i_row_index = 0;
do {
sw_rc = OCIStmtFetch(h_oci_stmt, h_oci_error, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT);
// 如果是查第一行,并不发收包,可能执行后,返回的数据中已经包含第一行
// packet 30~32 如果数据不够了,会继续请求包。
// packet 33~35
// packet 36~38
if (OCI_NO_DATA == sw_rc)
{
break;
}
for (i_index = 0; i_index != g_i_columns_cnt; i_index++)
{
printf("row[%d]col[%d] = %s\r\n", i_row_index, i_index, (NULL != g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_data) ? g_col_info[i_index].m_psz_data : "NULL");
}
printf("----------------------------------------\r\n");
i_row_index++;
} while (1);
// 释放资源
for (i_index = 0; i_index != g_i_columns_cnt; i_index++)
{
g_col_info[i_index].clear();
}
} while (0);
// 释放oci句柄
sw_rc = OCIHandleFree((void*)h_oci_stmt, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
if (OCI_SUCCESS != sw_rc) {
print_oci_error("error : OCI_HTYPE_STMT", NULL);
}
}