OpenGL系统设计-光照与材质(5)

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-07 19:36:08 发布

LotusOne

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-07 19:36:08 发布

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分类专栏： OpenGL 文章标签： buffer 测试 360 float date file

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LotusOne/article/details/4749387

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下面我们来创建几种材质，全部的定义放在materials.h文件中。

// File: Materials.h

// Author: LotusOne

// Date: 03/10/2003

// Usage: Define some materials

float Materials[][13]=

{

//黄铜

0.329412, 0.223529, 0.027451, 1.000000,

0.780392, 0.568627, 0.113725, 1.000000,

0.992157, 0.941176, 0.807843, 1.000000,

27.897400,

//青铜

0.212500, 0.127500, 0.054000, 1.000000,

0.714000, 0.428400, 0.181440, 1.000000,

0.393548, 0.271906, 0.166721, 1.000000,

25.600000,

//亮青铜

0.250000, 0.148000, 0.064750, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.236800, 0.103600, 1.000000,

0.774597, 0.458561, 0.200621, 1.000000,

76.800003,

//铬

0.250000, 0.250000, 0.250000, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.400000, 0.400000, 1.000000,

0.774597, 0.774597, 0.774597, 1.000000,

76.800003,

//铜

0.191250, 0.073500, 0.022500, 1.000000,

0.703800, 0.270480, 0.082800, 1.000000,

0.256777, 0.137622, 0.086014, 1.000000,

12.800000,

//亮铜

0.229500, 0.088250, 0.027500, 1.000000,

0.550800, 0.211800, 0.066000, 1.000000,

0.580594, 0.223257, 0.069570, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//金

0.247250, 0.199500, 0.074500, 1.000000,

0.751640, 0.606480, 0.226480, 1.000000,

0.628281, 0.555802, 0.366065, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//亮金

0.247250, 0.224500, 0.064500, 1.000000,

0.346150, 0.314300, 0.090300, 1.000000,

0.797357, 0.723991, 0.208006, 1.000000,

83.199997,

//白蜡

0.105882, 0.058824, 0.113725, 1.000000,

0.427451, 0.470588, 0.541176, 1.000000,

0.333333, 0.333333, 0.521569, 1.000000,

9.846150,

//银

0.192250, 0.192250, 0.192250, 1.000000,

0.507540, 0.507540, 0.507540, 1.000000,

0.508273, 0.508273, 0.508273, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//亮银色

0.231250, 0.231250, 0.231250, 1.000000,

0.277500, 0.277500, 0.277500, 1.000000,

0.773911, 0.773911, 0.773911, 1.000000,

89.599998,

//翡翠、祖母绿

0.021500, 0.174500, 0.021500, 0.550000,

0.075680, 0.614240, 0.075680, 0.550000,

0.633000, 0.727811, 0.633000, 0.550000,

76.800003,

//碧玉

0.135000, 0.222500, 0.157500, 0.950000,

0.540000, 0.890000, 0.630000, 0.950000,

0.316228, 0.316228, 0.316228, 0.950000,

12.800000,

//黑曜石

0.053750, 0.050000, 0.066250, 0.820000,

0.182750, 0.170000, 0.225250, 0.820000,

0.332741, 0.328634, 0.346435, 0.820000,

38.400002,

//珍珠

0.250000, 0.207250, 0.207250, 0.922000,

1.000000, 0.829000, 0.829000, 0.922000,

0.296648, 0.296648, 0.296648, 0.922000,

11.264000,

//红宝石

0.174500, 0.011750, 0.011750, 0.550000,

0.614240, 0.041360, 0.041360, 0.550000,

0.727811, 0.626959, 0.626959, 0.550000,

76.800003,

//绿宝石、绿松石

0.100000, 0.187250, 0.174500, 0.800000,

0.396000, 0.741510, 0.691020, 0.800000,

0.297254, 0.308290, 0.306678, 0.800000,

12.800000,

//黑塑料

0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000,

0.010000, 0.010000, 0.010000, 1.000000,

0.500000, 0.500000, 0.500000, 1.000000,

32.000000,

//黑橡胶

0.020000, 0.020000, 0.020000, 1.000000,

0.010000, 0.010000, 0.010000, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.400000, 0.400000, 1.000000,

10.000000,

//紫罗兰

0.110000, 0.060000, 0.090000, 1.000000,

0.430000, 0.470000, 0.540000, 1.000000,

0.330000, 0.330000, 0.520000, 1.000000,

22.000000

};

glInit()仍然是启用光照，只是对场景背景作了些微调。

#include “materials.h”

……

int glInit()

{

// 启用纹理映射

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

//启用阴影平滑(Smooth Shading)。

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

//调整场景背景颜色

glClearColor(0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.0f);

//设置深度缓冲

glClearDepth(1.0f);

//启动深度测试

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

//深度测试的类型

glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);

//进行透视修正

glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT , light_ambient );

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE , light_diffuse );

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, light_specular);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);

glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

return TRUE;

}

在glMain()中，使用glMaterialfv()来给球体设置材质，为了便于计算，我们使用了glPushMatrix()和glPopMatrix()，将20个球体分为4行，每行5个排列起来。

void glMain()

{

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glLoadIdentity(); //加载单位矩阵

glTranslatef(-6.0f, -4.5f, -15.0f);

for(int i=0; i<4; i++)

{

for(int j=0; j<5; j++)

{

glPushMatrix();

glTranslatef(3*j, 3*i, 0.0f);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, &Materials[5*i+j][0]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, &Materials[5*i+j][4]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, &Materials[5*i+j][8]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, &Materials[5*i+j][12]);

auxSolidSphere(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

}

SwapBuffers(g_hDC);//交换前后缓冲区

}

程序运行后可以看到，在白光的照射下，各球体都表现出了材质对应的颜色。其中每个面向Z轴的方向都呈现出了白色的亮点，这就是高光（HightLight）现象。之所以是白色，是因为我们设置的GL_LIGHT0光源的镜面光是白色。效果如图7-2所示。

实际上人们所看到的物体的颜色是光照颜色和材质颜色的组合。假设光照颜色为(LR, LG, LB, LA)，材质颜色为(MR, MG, MB, MA)，那么我们看到的颜色就是两者的积（LR*MR, LR*MR, LB*MB, LA*MA）。如果场景中有多个光源，则整个光照颜色为几个光源对应分量之和（LR0+LR1+…+LRn, LG0+LG1+…+LGn, LB0+LB1+…+LBn）,其中n<8。

图7-2 材质

float Materials[][13]=

{

//黄铜

0.329412, 0.223529, 0.027451, 1.000000,

0.780392, 0.568627, 0.113725, 1.000000,

0.992157, 0.941176, 0.807843, 1.000000,

27.897400,

//青铜

0.212500, 0.127500, 0.054000, 1.000000,

0.714000, 0.428400, 0.181440, 1.000000,

0.393548, 0.271906, 0.166721, 1.000000,

25.600000,

//亮青铜

0.250000, 0.148000, 0.064750, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.236800, 0.103600, 1.000000,

0.774597, 0.458561, 0.200621, 1.000000,

76.800003,

//铬

0.250000, 0.250000, 0.250000, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.400000, 0.400000, 1.000000,

0.774597, 0.774597, 0.774597, 1.000000,

76.800003,

//铜

0.191250, 0.073500, 0.022500, 1.000000,

0.703800, 0.270480, 0.082800, 1.000000,

0.256777, 0.137622, 0.086014, 1.000000,

12.800000,

//亮铜

0.229500, 0.088250, 0.027500, 1.000000,

0.550800, 0.211800, 0.066000, 1.000000,

0.580594, 0.223257, 0.069570, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//金

0.247250, 0.199500, 0.074500, 1.000000,

0.751640, 0.606480, 0.226480, 1.000000,

0.628281, 0.555802, 0.366065, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//亮金

0.247250, 0.224500, 0.064500, 1.000000,

0.346150, 0.314300, 0.090300, 1.000000,

0.797357, 0.723991, 0.208006, 1.000000,

83.199997,

//白蜡

0.105882, 0.058824, 0.113725, 1.000000,

0.427451, 0.470588, 0.541176, 1.000000,

0.333333, 0.333333, 0.521569, 1.000000,

9.846150,

//银

0.192250, 0.192250, 0.192250, 1.000000,

0.507540, 0.507540, 0.507540, 1.000000,

0.508273, 0.508273, 0.508273, 1.000000,

51.200001,

//亮银色

0.231250, 0.231250, 0.231250, 1.000000,

0.277500, 0.277500, 0.277500, 1.000000,

0.773911, 0.773911, 0.773911, 1.000000,

89.599998,

//翡翠、祖母绿

0.021500, 0.174500, 0.021500, 0.550000,

0.075680, 0.614240, 0.075680, 0.550000,

0.633000, 0.727811, 0.633000, 0.550000,

76.800003,

//碧玉

0.135000, 0.222500, 0.157500, 0.950000,

0.540000, 0.890000, 0.630000, 0.950000,

0.316228, 0.316228, 0.316228, 0.950000,

12.800000,

//黑曜石

0.053750, 0.050000, 0.066250, 0.820000,

0.182750, 0.170000, 0.225250, 0.820000,

0.332741, 0.328634, 0.346435, 0.820000,

38.400002,

//珍珠

0.250000, 0.207250, 0.207250, 0.922000,

1.000000, 0.829000, 0.829000, 0.922000,

0.296648, 0.296648, 0.296648, 0.922000,

11.264000,

//红宝石

0.174500, 0.011750, 0.011750, 0.550000,

0.614240, 0.041360, 0.041360, 0.550000,

0.727811, 0.626959, 0.626959, 0.550000,

76.800003,

//绿宝石、绿松石

0.100000, 0.187250, 0.174500, 0.800000,

0.396000, 0.741510, 0.691020, 0.800000,

0.297254, 0.308290, 0.306678, 0.800000,

12.800000,

//黑塑料

0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000,

0.010000, 0.010000, 0.010000, 1.000000,

0.500000, 0.500000, 0.500000, 1.000000,

32.000000,

//黑橡胶

0.020000, 0.020000, 0.020000, 1.000000,

0.010000, 0.010000, 0.010000, 1.000000,

0.400000, 0.400000, 0.400000, 1.000000,

10.000000,

//紫罗兰

0.110000, 0.060000, 0.090000, 1.000000,

0.430000, 0.470000, 0.540000, 1.000000,

0.330000, 0.330000, 0.520000, 1.000000,

22.000000

};

glInit()仍然是启用光照，只是对场景背景作了些微调。

#include “materials.h”

……

int glInit()

{

// 启用纹理映射

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

//启用阴影平滑(Smooth Shading)。

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

//调整场景背景颜色

glClearColor(0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.0f);

//设置深度缓冲

glClearDepth(1.0f);

//启动深度测试

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

//深度测试的类型

glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);

//进行透视修正

glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT , light_ambient );

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE , light_diffuse );

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, light_specular);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);

glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

return TRUE;

}

在glMain()中，使用glMaterialfv()来给球体设置材质，为了便于计算，我们使用了glPushMatrix()和glPopMatrix()，将20个球体分为4行，每行5个排列起来。

void glMain()

{

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glLoadIdentity(); //加载单位矩阵

glTranslatef(-6.0f, -4.5f, -15.0f);

for(int i=0; i<4; i++)

{

for(int j=0; j<5; j++)

{

glPushMatrix();

glTranslatef(3*j, 3*i, 0.0f);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, &Materials[5*i+j][0]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, &Materials[5*i+j][4]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, &Materials[5*i+j][8]);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, &Materials[5*i+j][12]);

auxSolidSphere(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

}

SwapBuffers(g_hDC);//交换前后缓冲区

}

图7-2 材质

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OpenGL系统设计-光照与材质(5)

下面我们来创建几种材质，全部的定义放在materials.h文件中。 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// File: Materials.h// Author: LotusOne// Date: 03/10/2003// Usage: Defi
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