一、添加依赖
在maven中添加spring依赖、spring aop依赖、spring数据库依赖、spring事务依赖、c3p0依赖、mysql依赖、spring测试依赖
Spring事务在业务逻辑上添加事务,容器中保存的是这个业务逻辑的代理对象,所有需要aop依赖(aop的实现是依靠动态代理,生成代理对象)
<properties>
<spring.version>5.1.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.15</mysql.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--spring依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring aop依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring数据库模块 -->
<!--spring jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring orm-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring tx-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--c3p0依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
二、配置文件
数据库连接配置
dbconfig.properties
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc_test
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring配置文件
spring-conf.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.dao"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.service"/>
<!--引入外部文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties"/>
<!--c3p0 dataSource-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" />
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
</bean>
<!--jdbc template-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--事务控制 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="tm" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!--控制住数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--支持事务注解的(@Transactional)-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tm"/>
</beans>
三、测试
1.数据库表:
bankuser有字段bid、balance
2.实体类:
Bankuser.java
public class Bankuser {
private Integer bid;
private Integer balance;
public Bankuser() {
}
public Bankuser(Integer bid, Integer balance) {
this.bid = bid;
this.balance = balance;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Bankuser{" +
"bid=" + bid +
", balance=" + balance +
'}';
}
//set、get方法
}
3.dao层
BankuserDao.java
@Repository
public class BankuserDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public int updateBalance(Integer bid, Integer money) {
String sql = "update bankuser set balance=balance+? where bid = ?";
int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, money, bid);
return update;
}
public List<Bankuser> selectAll(){
String sql = "select bid,balance from bankuser";
List<Bankuser> list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Bankuser.class));
return list;
}
}
4.service层
BankuserService.java
transfer()方法上添加事务
对id为1的用户banlance减100,id为2的用户减200;
如果方法上添加事务,1/0语句会发生异常,触发事务回滚;如果方法上没有添加事务,会造成第一个updateBalance()成功修改数据,第二个updateBalance()执行不到,没有修改数据
@Service
public class BankuserService {
@Autowired
private BankuserDao bankuserDao;
@Transactional
public void transfer(){
bankuserDao.updateBalance(1,-100);
int i = 1/0;
bankuserDao.updateBalance(2,100);
}
public List<Bankuser> selectAll(){
return bankuserDao.selectAll();
}
}
5.测试类
有事务的业务逻辑,容器中保存的是这个业务逻辑的代理对象
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-conf.xml")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MyTest {
@Autowired
private BankuserService bankuserService;
@Test
public void test01(){
try {
bankuserService.transfer();
System.out.println("操作成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(String.format("操作失败:%s", e.getMessage()));
}
List<Bankuser> list = bankuserService.selectAll();
list.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void test02(){
List<Bankuser> list = bankuserService.selectAll();
list.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void test03(){
System.out.println(bankuserService.getClass());
}
}
四、事务属性
只有@Transactional 注解应用到 public 方法,才能进行事务管理
1.timeout
默认值为-1
@Transactional(timeout = 3),超时
事务超出指定执行时长后自动终止并回滚(单位为秒)
2.readOnly
默认值为 readOnly = false
@Transactional(readOnly = true),设置事务为只读事务
可以进行事务优化,加快查询速度,只能用于查询
3.noRollbackFor、noRollbackForClassName
异常分为:运行时异常、编译时异常
运行时异常,可以处理,默认都回滚;编译时异常,try-catch或throws处理,默认不回滚
@Transactional(noRollbackFor = {ArithmeticException.class, NullPointerException.class})
哪些异常事务可以不回滚(原本运行时异常是回滚的)
4.rollbackFor、rollbackForClassName
@Transactional(rollbackFor = {FileNotFoundException.class})
哪些异常事务需要回滚(原本编译时异常是不回滚的)
5.isolation
默认值采用 DEFAULT
数据库事务并发问题:
1)脏读:A修改数据,B读取修改后的数据,A回滚,B属于脏读
2)不可重复读:A读数据,B修改数据,A再次读两次数据不一致
3)幻读:A读数据,B插入数据,A读数据多了几条数据
隔离级别:
1)读未提交:read uncommited,允许B读取A未提交的数据(会发生脏读)
2)读已提交:read commited,要求B只能读取A以提交的修改(避免脏读,会发生不可重复读,发生幻读)
3)可重复读:repeatable read,确保A可以多次从一个字段中读取到相同的值,即A执行期间禁止其它事务对这个字段进行更新
4)串行化:serializable,确保A可以多次从一个表中读取相同的行,在A执行期间,禁止其它事务对这个表进行添加、更新、删除操作,可以避免任何并发问题
mysql支持1)、2)、3)、4),oracle支持2)、4)
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.READ_UNCOMMITTED),设置隔离级别为读未提交
6.propagation
默认值为 Propagation.REQUIRED
事务传播行为:
required(当前方法需要事务,如果有事务,就用别人的事务)、required_new(开启一个新事务)
如果是如果是required事务的属性都是继承大事务的,而propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW可以调整
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED) ,当前方法需要事务,如果有事务,就用别人的事务
五、基于XML的事务配置
spring-conf.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--引入外部文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties"/>
<!--c3p0 dataSource-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" />
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
</bean>
<!--jdbc template-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="bankuserDao" class="com.example.dao.BankuserDao" >
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<bean id="bankuserService" class="com.example.service.BankuserService">
<property name="bankuserDao" ref="bankuserDao"/>
</bean>
<!--事务控制 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="tm" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!--控制住数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--支持事务注解的(@Transactional)-->
<!--<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tm"/>-->
<!--配置切面 aop-->
<aop:config>
<!--切入点表达式表明事务管理器切入哪些方法-->
<aop:pointcut id="txPont" expression="execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))"/>
<!--事务建议-->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="myAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPont"/>
</aop:config>
<!--transaction-manager指定配置哪个事务管理器-->
<tx:advice id="myAdvice" transaction-manager="tm">
<!--事务属性-->
<tx:attributes>
<!--指明哪些方法是事务方法-->
<tx:method name="transfer" propagation="REQUIRED" timeout="3"/>
<tx:method name="get" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
测试类
public class MyMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 读取配置文件
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml");
BankuserService bankuserService = context.getBean("bankuserService", BankuserService.class);
try{
bankuserService.transfer();
}catch (Exception e){
}
List<Bankuser> list = bankuserService.selectAll();
for(Bankuser bankuser : list){
System.out.println(bankuser);
}
}
}