SpringMVC开篇概述

SpringMVC概述

• Spring为展现层提供的基于MVC设计理念的优秀的Web框架，是目前最主流的MVC框架之一
• Spring3.0后全面超越Struts2，成为最优秀的MVC框架
• SpringMVC通过一套MVC注解，让POJO成为处理请求的控制器，而无需实现任何接口。
• 支持REST风格的URL请求
• 采用了松散耦合可插拔组件结构，比其他MVC框架更具扩展性和灵活性

HelloWorld

步骤：

1. 加入jar包
   maven示例：

   <properties>
       <org.springframework.version>5.3.3</org.springframework.version>
   </properties>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
           <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
           <version>1.1.1</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
           <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   

2. 在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet
   示例：

   <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!--配置DispatcherServlet的一个初始化参数：配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称-->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
   

3. 加入SpringMVC的配置文件

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
       <!--配置自动扫描的包-->
       <context:component-scan base-package="com.luckyazrael.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
       <!--配置视图解析器：如何把handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图-->
       <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
           <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
           <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
       </bean>
   </beans>
   

4. 编写处理请求的处理器，并标识为处理器

   @Controller
   public class HelloWorld {
       /**
        * 1. 使用@RequestMapping注解来映射请求的URL
        * 2. 返回值会通过视图解析器解析为实际的物理视图，对于InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器，会做如下的解析：
        * 通过 prefix + returnVal + suffix 这样的方式，得到实际的物理视图，然后做转发操作
        *
        * /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
        * @return
        */
       @RequestMapping("/helloworld")
       public String hello(){
           System.out.println("Hello,World!");
           return "success";
       }
   }
   

5. 编写视图
   index.jsp

   <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
   <html>
   <head>
       <title>Title</title>
   </head>
   <body>
       <a href="helloworld">Hello,World!</a>
   </body>
   </html>
   

   /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp

   <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
   <html>
   <head>
       <title>Title</title>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h4>Success Page</h4>
   </body>
   </html>