利用matplotlib和plotly进行数据可视化

之前学的数据可视化

#数据可视化
'''=============================================================================================='''
'''plt.plot(x, y, fmt='xxx', linestyle=, marker=, color=, linewidth=, markersize=, label=, )
plot()函数:
（1）linestyle：此字段是线的样式，参数形式：字符串(-:实线, --:虚线)
（2）linewidth：此参数是线的粗细，粗细程度和所定数值大小有关，参数形式：数值
（3）marker：点的样式，字符串
（4）markersize：点的大小，参数形式：数值
（5）color：调节线条还有点的颜色 ，字符串，参数形式字符串
'''
'''-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
'''import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()    #plt.subplots()返回两个变量，一个是Figure实例fig，另一个 AxesSubplot实例axfig代表整个图像，
                    #ax代表坐标轴和画的子图，通过下标获取需要的子区域,相当于fig = plt.figure()和ax = fig.add_subplot()
ax.plot(squares)            #plot()函数画出一系列的点，并且用线将它们连接起来

plt.show()'''
'''--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#绘制折线图
'''import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

input_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squers = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

#plt.style.use('seaborn')        #通过plt.style.use()改变图标的样式
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(input_values, squers, linewidth = 3, linestyle = '--')    #传递输入值和输出值，默认输入值从0开始，设置线条粗度为3

#设置标题和坐标轴
ax.set_title('number_squers', fontsize = 24)
ax.set_xlabel('value', fontsize = 14)
ax.set_ylabel('squers', fontsize = 14)

plt.show()'''
'''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
'''plt.scatter()函数用于绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x, y, s, c, marker, cmap, norm, alpha, linewidths, edgecolorsl)
x: x轴数据
y: y轴数据
s: 散点大小
c: 散点颜色
marker: 散点形状
cmap: 指定特定颜色图，该参数一般不用，有默认值
alpha: 散点的透明度
linewidths: 散点边框的宽度
edgecolors: 设置散点边框的颜色
'''

''''#绘制散点图
#values1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
#squers1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
values2 = [x for x in range(100)]
squers2 = [x**2 for x in values2]
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#ax.scatter(2,4, s = 200)            #绘制一个点
#ax.scatter(values1, squers1, s = 100)     #向scatter中传两个分别包含x，y的列表
ax.scatter(values2, squers2, s = 30, c = 'black')        #通过循环来向scatter中传递x，y
ax.set_title('squers', fontsize = 14)
ax.set_xlabel('value', fontsize = 10)
ax.set_ylabel('squer', fontsize = 10)

plt.show()
#plt.savefig('...', bbox_inches='tight')调用这个可以将图标保存，第一个参数指明保存的文件位置，第二个说明剪裁空白部分（不需要则省略）'''
'''-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
'''import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

values1 = range(1,5001)
cubes1 = [x**3 for x in values1]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(values1, cubes1, s = 10, c = cubes1, cmap = 'Blues')     
#将参数c设置为y值列表，根据y值变化来改变，使用cmap告诉用哪种颜色来映射

plt.show()'''
'''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#随机漫步的分布图
'''from random import choice

def get_step():         #这是一个计算步长的函数
    n_direction = choice([-1, 1])
    n_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
    return n_direction * n_distance

class Randonwalk:       #这个类用于实现随机漫步

    def __init__(self, number):
        self.number = number
        self.x_location = [0]       #起始位置为（0,0）
        self.y_location = [0]

    def fill_walk(self):        #下一个坐标点的计算
        while self.number:
            ''''''x_direction = choice([-1, 1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_displacement = x_direction * x_distance

            y_direction = choice([-1, 1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_displacement = y_direction * y_distance

            x_locationed = self.x_location[-1] + x_displacement
            y_locationed = self.y_location[-1] + y_displacement''''''
            x_locationed = self.x_location[-1] + get_step()
            y_locationed = self.y_location[-1] + get_step()
            if x_locationed == self.x_location[-1] and y_locationed == self.y_location[-1]:
                continue
            self.x_location.append(x_locationed)
            self.y_location.append(y_locationed)
            self.number -= 1

    def return_x(self):
        return self.x_location

    def return_y(self):
        return self.y_location

num = 1000
x_locations = []
y_locations = []
randonwalk = Randonwalk(num)
randonwalk.fill_walk()
x_locations = randonwalk.return_x()
y_locations = randonwalk.return_y()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

''''''fig, ax = plt.subplots()     #散点图
ax.scatter(x_locations, y_locations, s = 10, c = range(num+1), cmap = 'Blues')
ax.scatter(0, 0, s = 10, c = 'red')
ax.scatter(x_locations[-1], y_locations[-1], s = 10, c = 'red')

plt.show()''''''

fig, ax = plt.subplots()        #折线图
ax.plot(x_locations, y_locations, linewidth = 5)

plt.show()'''
'''----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#条形图
'''
matplotlib.pyplot中的bar()函数来制作条形图
bar(x，height， width，*，align=‘center’，**kwargs)
x:包含所有柱子的下标的列表
height:包含所有柱子的高度值的列表
width每个柱子的宽度。可以指定一个固定值，那么所有的柱子都是一样的宽。或者设置一个列表，这样可以分别对每个柱子设定不同的宽度。
align:柱子对齐方式，有两个可选值：center和edge。center表示每根柱子是根据下标来对齐, edge则表示每根柱子全部以下标为起点，然后显示到下标的右边。如果不指定该参数，默认值是center。
'''
'''from random import randint
class Die:
    def __init__(self, num_side, num_roll):
        self.num_side = num_side
        self.answer = []
        self.num_roll = num_roll

    def roll(self):
        while self.num_roll:
            number = randint(1, self.num_side)
            self.answer.append(number)
            self.num_roll -= 1
        return self.answer

num_sides = 6
die = Die(num_sides, 100)
y_values = []
y_value = die.roll()
for value in range(1, num_sides+1):
    y = y_value.count(value)
    y_values.append(y)
x_values = [x for x in range(1, num_sides+1)]

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.title('die', fontsize = 20)
plt.xlabel('sides', fontsize = 10)
plt.ylabel('num', fontsize = 10)
plt.bar(x = x_values, height = y_values, width = 0.2)
plt.show()'''
'''-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#plotly创建的数据可视化
'''from plotly.graph_objs import Bar, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

x_values = [1,2,3]
y_values = [1,4,9]

#用Layout()来绘制图形x轴和y轴的标签，类Layout()返回一个指定图标布局和配置的对象
layout = go.Layout(
    title = 'numbers',
    xaxis = {'title':'number'},
    yaxis = {'title': 'number**2'})
line = go.Bar(x=x_values, y=y_values)           #用Bar创建一个柱状数据，传入x轴和y轴
fig = go.Figure(data = line, layout = layout)   #用go.Figure()来创建一张图，传入数据和布局

fig.show()              #fig.show()用来显示图'''
'''-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#plotly来对骰子的点数的数据可视化
'''from random import randint
class Die:

    def __init__(self, side, num):
        self.side = side
        self.num = num
        self.roll_number = []

    def roll(self):
        number = []
        while self.num:
            reason = randint(1, self.side)
            number.append(reason)
            self.num -= 1
        for num in range(1, self.side+1):
            count = number.count(num)
            self.roll_number.append(count)
        return self.roll_number

side = 6
die = Die(side, 100)
y_value = die.roll()
x_value = [x for x in range(1,side+1)]

import plotly.graph_objs as go                  #将plotly.graph_objs中引入用于绘图
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar               #将plotly.graph_objs中的Bar引入用于绘画柱状图

data = Bar(x = x_value, y = y_value)            #将x，y的数据传入Bar返回一个图标数据
title = 'the num of die num'
xl = {'title':'side'}
yl = {'title':'num'}
layout = go.Layout(title = title, xaxis = xl, yaxis = yl)       #设置图片的布局，数据用字典的方式传入
fig = go.Figure(data = data, layout = layout)               #传入数据和布局，绘画这个图
fig.show()'''
'''--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#实现两个骰子点数之和的统计
'''from random import randint

class Die:

    def __init__(self, num_side, num_roll):
        self.num_side = num_side        #掷骰子的面数
        self.num_roll = num_roll        #掷骰子的次数
        self.all_answer = []            #掷骰子的所有可能
        self.each_p_answers = []        #掷骰子的每一种可能的次数

    def roll(self):
        while self.num_roll:
            first_point = randint(1, self.num_side)         #从1到面数之间随机选择一个数
            second_point = randint(1, self.num_side)
            self.all_answer.append(first_point + second_point)      #存储每一个值到列表中
            self.num_roll -= 1
        for value in range(2, 2 * self.num_side + 1):
            each_point_number = self.all_answer.count(value)
            self.each_p_answers.append(each_point_number)
        return self.each_p_answers

num_sides = 8
die =  Die(num_sides, 1000)
y_values = die.roll()
x_values = [x for x in range(2, 2*num_sides+1)]

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(x_values, y_values, width = 0.4)     #用bar()进行条形图的打印
ax.set_title('die', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('side', fontsize = 10)
ax.set_ylabel('num', fontsize = 10)

plt.show()'''
'''================================================================================'''
#对csv文件数据进行数据可视化
'''import csv
file_name = 'sitka_weather_07-2018_simple.csv'
with open(file_name) as f:
    #csv.reader()以逗号分隔读取每一个数据，每一行存于一个列表中，返回一个reader对象
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    #调用next()方法从迭代器中检索下一个项目，此处只调用一次，只读取文件第一行
    head = next(reader)
    print(head)

    tmaxs = []
    for inf in reader:          #由于前面已经读取了第一行，这里从第二行开始 
        tmax = int(inf[-2])
        tmaxs.append(tmax)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(tmaxs)
ax.set_title('weather', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('data', fontsize = 10)
ax.set_ylabel('tmputuer', fontsize = 10)

plt.show()'''
'''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#调用模块datetime中的方法strptime()来将字符型的时间转化为一个表示日期的对象
'''from datetime import datetime
frist_day = '2022-01-20'
c_day = datetime.strptime(frist_day, '%Y-%m-%d')        #datetime.strtime()将用户输入的字符串转化为时间类型，后面时间可以添加为%H:%M:%S
print(c_day)'''
'''---------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#时间日期一起的数据可视化
'''import csv
file = 'sitka_weather_07-2018_simple.csv'
with open(file) as w_inf:
    #从CSV文件中读取最高温和日期两项数据
    reader = csv.reader(w_inf)
    title_inf = next(reader)
    print(title_inf)
    tmax_infs = []
    date_inf = []
    for inf in reader:
        tmax_inf = int(inf[-2])                     #文件中的温度是字符串类型，先强制转化为int类型
        tmax_infs.append(tmax_inf)
        date = inf[2]
        date_inf.append(date)

from datetime import datetime
#使用datetime中的datetime.strptime()函数来对用字符串存储的时间信息转化为时间类型
date_infs = []
for inf in date_inf:
    date = datetime.strptime(inf, '%Y-%m-%d')
    date_infs.append(date)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(date_infs, tmax_infs)

plt.show()'''
'''-----------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#绘制全年最高气温图

'''import csv

file = 'sitka_weather_2018_simple.csv'
with open(file) as weather_inf:
    reader = csv.reader(weather_inf)        #通过csv.reader()读取csv文件
    title = next(reader)                    #访问第一行
    print(title)
    dates = []
    tmaxs = []
    for inf in reader:
        date = inf[2]
        tmax = int(inf[-2])                 #文件以字符串类型来存储，要先强制转化为int类型
        dates.append(date)
        tmaxs.append(tmax)

from datetime import datetime
#通过datetime.strptime()将字符串类型的时间数据转化为时间数据
date_infs = []
for date in dates:
    date_inf = datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d')
    date_infs.append(date_inf)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(date_infs, tmaxs, color = 'red')
ax.set_title('year weather', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('date', fontsize = 10)
ax.set_ylabel('tmax', fontsize = 10)

plt.show()'''
'''-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#同时展示最高温和最低温的图标

'''import csv
from datetime import datetime

file = 'sitka_weather_2018_simple.csv'

with open(file) as weather_inf:
    reader = csv.reader(weather_inf)            #将文件转化为Python的可读模式
    title = next(reader)
    print(title)

    dates = []
    tmaxs = []
    tmins = []
    for inf in reader:
        date = datetime.strptime(inf[2], '%Y-%m-%d')
        tmax = int(inf[-2])
        tmin = int(inf[-1])
        dates.append(date)
        tmaxs.append(tmax)
        tmins.append(tmin)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(dates, tmaxs, color = 'red')            #绘制最高温
ax.plot(dates, tmins, color = 'blue')           #绘制最低温
ax.set_title('weather', fontsize = 20)
ax.set_xlabel('date', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_ylabel('tempeture', fontsize = 15)
ax.fill_between(dates, tmaxs, tmins, facecolor = 'yellow')         #fill.between()通过传递一个x，两个y和颜色来进行中间色的填充

plt.show()'''
'''--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#改进，对数据缺失引发的错误进行改进
'''import csv
from datetime import datetime

file = 'death_valley_2018_simple.csv'
with open(file) as weather_inf:
    reader = csv.reader(weather_inf)
    title = next(reader)
    print(title)
    dates = []
    tmaxs = []
    tmins = []
    for inf in reader:
        try:
            date = datetime.strptime(inf[2], '%Y-%m-%d')
            tmax = int(inf[-2])
            tmin = int(inf[-1])
        except ValueError:              #在转化为int类型是空字符串会导致valueerror错误，引起程序停止运行，通过try的1方式让程序顺利运行
            print(f"{inf[2]} 数据缺失")
        else:
            dates.append(date)
            tmaxs.append(tmax)
            tmins.append(tmin)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(dates, tmaxs, color = 'red')
ax.plot(dates, tmins, color = 'blue')
ax.set_title('weather in death valley', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_xlabel('date', fontsize = 10)
ax.set_ylabel('temputuer', fontsize = 10)
ax.fill_between(dates, tmaxs, tmins, facecolor = 'green')       #对中间区域进行填充

plt.show()'''
'''------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
'''import json

filename = 'eq_data_1_day_m1.json'
with open(filename) as f:
    all_eq_data = json.load(f)

readable_file = 'readable_eq_data.json'
with open(readable_file, 'w') as f:
    json.dump(all_eq_data, f, indent = 4)'''       #通过传递参数indent来设置缩进量，将其转化为易读的格式
'''------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#地震数据的数据可视化
'''import json
file = 'readable_eq_data.json'
with open(file) as f:
    all_eq_data = json.load(f)
all_eq = all_eq_data['features']        #所有的地震数据都存在字典features中
mags = []
lontitude = []
latitude = []
title = []
for inf in all_eq:
    mags.append(inf['properties']['mag'])             #提取所有的震级放入列表mags中
    title.append(inf['properties']['title'])          #提取地震的标题
    lontitude.append(inf['geometry']['coordinates'][0])     #提取震区的经度
    latitude.append(inf['geometry']['coordinates'][1])      #提取震区的纬度

#print(mags[:10])
#print(lontitude[:5])
#print(latitude[:5])
#print(title[:5])

import plotly.express as px         #通过plotly.express来绘图
import pandas as pd

data = pd.DataFrame(data=zip(lontitude,latitude,title,mags),columns=['经度','纬度','位置','震级'])      #使用pandas将数据封装起来
data.head()

fig = px.scatter(           #另一种定义数据的方法
    data,
    x='经度',
    y='纬度',
    range_x=[-200,200],
    range_y=[-90,90],
    title='global earthquack',
    size='震级',                      #size参数来指定图中每个标记的尺寸，这里用图标的大小来表示震级的大小
    size_max=10,                    #标记尺寸默认为20像素，通过size_max来改为缩放到10
)

# fig = px.scatter(           #简单的定义数据的方法
#     x = lontitude,
#     y = latitude,
#     labels = {'x':'lontitude', 'y':'latitude'},
#     range_x = [-200, 200],
#     range_y = [-90, 90],
#     width = 800,
#     height = 800,
#     title = 'earthquakes'
# )
#fig.write_html('global_earthquakes.html')          #fig.write_html()将图片存放在文件中
fig.show()'''
'''--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#地震图的数据可视化
'''import json

file = 'eq_data_30_day_m1.json'
with open(file) as f:
    readable_file = json.load(f)

read_file = 'readable_eq_30_data'
with open(read_file,'w') as r:
    json.dump(readable_file, r, indent=4)       #将其改为容易阅读的数据

title = []
mags = []
lontitude = []      #经度
latitude = []       #纬度

with open(read_file) as rf:
    readable_inf = json.load(rf)
    for inf in readable_inf['features']:
        title.append(inf['properties']['title'])
        mags.append(inf['properties']['mag'])
        lontitude.append(inf['geometry']['coordinates'][0])
        latitude.append(inf['geometry']['coordinates'][1])

import pandas as pd
data = pd.DataFrame(data=zip(title,mags,lontitude,latitude),columns=['位置','震级','经度','纬度'])
#用这种方式所有有关的数据都以键值对的形式放在一个字典中

import plotly.express as px

fig=px.scatter(
    data,
    x='经度',
    y='纬度',
    title='全球地震图',
    range_x=[-200,200],
    range_y=[-90,90],
    width=800,
    height=800,
    size='震级',
    size_max=10,
    color='震级',
    hover_name='位置'
)

fig.show()'''
'''------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'''
#全球火灾的数据可视化
'''import csv
from datetime import datetime
#获取数据
latitude=[]             #纬度
longitude=[]            #经度
dates=[]
brightness=[]
file = 'world_fires_1_day.csv'
with open(file) as fir_inf:
    reader=csv.reader(fir_inf)
    title=next(reader)
    for inf in reader:
        latitude.append(float(inf[0]))
        longitude.append(float(inf[1]))
        brightness.append(float(inf[2]))
        date=datetime.strptime(inf[5],'%Y-%m-%d')
        dates.append(date)

print(title)
#数据的可视化
import plotly.express as px
import pandas as pd
data=pd.DataFrame(data=zip(longitude,latitude,dates,brightness),columns=['经度','纬度','位置','火势'])
fig = px.scatter(
    data,
    x='经度',
    y='纬度',
    range_x=[-200,200],
    range_y=[-90,90],
    height=800,
    width=800,
    title='世界着火数据',
    color='火势',
    hover_name='位置',
)

fig.show()'''

下面是数据可视化要用到的数据（用百度网盘打开）

这也是<Python编程，从入门到实践>这本书的数据

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1mSm73bU8833APDc0HwQ6BQ?pwd=LyWj

提取码：LyWj