Web Science笔记 Emotion, Event detection

Emotion Detection

What triggers emotions?
stimulus event

• external
  • natural phenomena
  • other people’s behavior
• internal
  • Neuroendocrine or Physiological Changes
  • memories

Universal emotion categories:
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise,
also are basic (primary) emotions
can be reduced to 4 categories:

• happiness, sadness, fear/surprise, and anger/disgust

Second order (derived) emotions:

Emotional states that are not so basic, like chagrin, irritation

Sentiment vs emotion:

• Sentiments can be formed and retained for longer time

• Emotion lasts for shorter time

• Sentiments are target centred, hence directed

• Emotions are not target centred

• A text can have multiple emotions

Emotion detection

• eg: '7 dead in apartment building fire’
• Anger 10%, disgust 1%, fear 30%, joy 0, sadness 50% surprise 5%

Problems in data collection

• Uncertainty, incompleteness and even mistakes among the ground truth label due to annotators expertise or task’s difficulty

Use hashtag based on data collection

• Direct access to user’s intent
• List the emotion hashtags of 28 affected words or extend the list by WordNet synsets
• Collect tweets that contain one or more hashtags that fall in the defined list of emotions hashtags
• Consider tweets only with hashtags
• Add score based on this
• 直接访问用户的意图
• 列出 28 个受影响词的情感标签或通过 WordNet 同义词集 扩展列表
• 收集包含一个或多个主题标签的推文，这些主题标签属于已定义的情绪标签列表
• 只考虑带有主题标签的推文
• 根据标签算分

emoticons

符号表示心情例如

https://emojipedia.org/twitter/

• List of emoticons and their associations to eight emotions
• Annotate a tweet into that category if the emoticons appear at the end
  Sometimes we meet conflicts, (happy+sad)
• 表情符号列表及其与八种情绪的关联
• 如果表情符号出现在末尾，则将推文注释到该类别中
  有时我们会遇到冲突，（快乐+悲伤），这时候需要比较 emotion word lexicon，hashtags lexicon 和 Emoticon lexicon 的score，哪个高就分给哪个分类

整体流程

Event Detection

Supplementary

• Tokenization, Lemmazation, Stopword
  

• Named Entity Recognition
  i)Detect a named entity
  ii) Categorize the entity

  • Person
  • Organization
  • Time
  • Location

• Part-of-Speech Tagging
  

• Word sense disambiguation
  

• Textual Entailment
  Extract a directional relation between text fragments
  提取文本片段之间的方向关系
  If you help the needy, God will reward you $\to$

  • Giving money to a poor man has good consequences
  • Giving money to a poor man has no consequences
  • Giving money to a poor man will make you better person

• Automatic summarization
  Extract a readable summary from text (news, articles, documents…)
  从文本中提取可读的摘要（新闻、文章、文件……）

• Sentiment Analysis
  Exact subjective polarity from documents: positive, negative, or neutral
  来自文档的确切主观极性：正面、负面或中性

• Vector-Space Representation of Documents
  TDM or DTM matrix