面向对象的C

封装

struct Light { // 结构体类型：新的数据类型
	// 成员方法
	void (*turnOn)(Light *self); // 第一个参数是函数处理的目标对象
	void (*turnOff)(Light *self);
	void (*bright)(Light *self, const int brightness);
	void (*show)(Light *self);
	void (*setName)(Light *self, const char *name);

	// 成员变量
	char name[64];
	int brightness; // 灯的亮度
};

//------------------------静态全局函数-------------------------------
static void turnOn(Light *self) {
	self->brightness = 100;
}

static void turnOff(Light *self) {
	self->brightness = 0;
}

static void bright(Light *self, const int brightness) {
	self->brightness = 0;
	self->brightness = brightness;
}

static void setName(Light *self, const char *name) {
	memset(self->name, 0, sizeof(self->name));
	strcpy(self->name, name);
}

static void show(Light *self) {
	printf("brightness of %s :> %d\n", self->name, self->brightness);
}

//------------------------main函数-------------------------------
int main() {
	Light led1; 				// 创建一个对象led1
	led1.turnOn = turnOn;		// 给函数指针绑定函数入口地址
	led1.turnOff = turnOff;
	led1.bright = bright;
	led1.setName = setName;
	led1.show = show;
	
	Light led2;					// 创建一个对象led2
	led2.turnOn = turnOn;		// 给函数指针绑定函数入口地址
	led2.turnOff = turnOff;
	led2.bright = bright;
	led2.setName = setName;
	led2.show = show;

	led1.setName(&led1, "led1");
	led1.turnOn(&led1);
	led1.show(&led1);
	led1.bright(&led1, 60);
	led1.show(&led1);

	led2.setName(&led2, "led2");
	led2.turnOn(&led2);
	led2.show(&led2);
	led2.turnOff(&led2);
	led2.show(&led2);

	//---------------------------------------------------------------
	brightness of led1 :> 100
	brightness of led1 :> 60
	brightness of led2 :> 100
	brightness of led2 :> 0
}

继承

• 从已有的数据类型来创建新的数据类型
• 现代编程语言中的继承的本质是扩展（extend）：即复制继承
  （1）子类继承了父类所有的成员变量（实例成员变量）
  （2）子类继承了父类成员方法的方法调用权
• 继承本质：加机制：子类对象内部组合了一个父类子对象
• 继承目的：代码复用
• 在C语言中使用继承很简单：将父类的对象作为子类的第一个成员对象即可

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Shape {
// 成员方法
	void (*setColor)(Shape *self, const int color);
	int (*getColor)(Shape *self);
	void (*draw)(Shape *self);

// 成员变量
	int color; //	形状的样色
};

struct Circle {
// 父类子对象
	Shape super;

// 成员方法
	void (*setDimensions)(Circle *self, double x, double y, double r);
	void (*draw)(Circle *self);

// 成员变量
	double x, y; // 圆心坐标
	double r;	 // 圆的半径
};

static void setColorShape(Shape *self, const int color) {
	self->color = color;
}

static int getColorShape(Shape *self) {
	return self->color;
}

static void drawShape(Shape *self) {
	printf("我是抽象的形状: 不知道怎么绘制哦\n");
}

static void setDimensionsCircle(Circle *self, double x, double y, double r) {
	self->x = x;
	self->y = y;
	self->r = r;
}

static void drawCircle(Circle *self) {
	printf("绘制圆：圆心坐标(%g, %g), 圆半径 = %g\n", self->x, self->y, self->r);
}

int main() {
	Circle c;
	c.super.setColor = setColorShape;
	c.super.getColor = getColorShape;
	c.super.draw = drawShape;
	
	c.setDimensions = setDimensionsCircle;
	c.draw = drawCircle;

	c.setDimensions(&c, 10, 20, 10);
	c.super.draw((Shape*)&c);
	c.draw(&c);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

多态

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Shape {
// 成员方法
	void (*setColor)(Shape *self, const int color);
	int (*getColor)(Shape *self);
	void (*draw)(void *self);

// 成员变量
	int color; //	形状的样色
};

struct Circle {
// 父类子对象
	Shape super;

// 成员方法
	void (*setDimensions)(Circle *self, double x, double y, double r);
	void (*draw)(void *self);

// 成员变量
	double x, y; // 圆心坐标
	double r;	 // 圆的半径
};

struct Rectangle {
// 父类子对象
	Shape super;

// 成员方法
	void (*setDimensions)(Rectangle *self, int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
	void (*draw)(void *self); // 注意是void *类型

// 成员变量
	int left;
	int top;
	int right;
	int bottom;
};

static void setColorShape(Shape *self, const int color) {
	self->color = color;
}

static int getColorShape(Shape *self) {
	return self->color;
}

static void drawShape(Shape *self) {
	printf("我是抽象的形状: 不知道怎么绘制哦\n");
}

static void setDimensionsCircle(Circle *self, double x, double y, double r) {
	self->x = x;
	self->y = y;
	self->r = r;
}

static void drawCircle(void *self) {
	Circle *pCircle = (Circle *)self;
	printf("绘制圆：圆心坐标(%g, %g), 圆半径 = %g\n", pCircle->x, pCircle->y, pCircle->r);
}

static void setDimensionsRectangle(Rectangle *self,  int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
	self->top = top;
	self->left = left;
	self->right = right;
	self->bottom = bottom;
}

static void drawRectangle(void *self) {
	Rectangle *pRect = (Rectangle *)self;
	printf("绘制矩形：左上角(%d, %d), 右下角(%d, %d)\n", pRect->left, pRect->top, pRect->right, pRect->bottom);
}

void draw(Shape *pShape) {
	pShape->draw(pShape);
}

int main() {
	Shape *pShape = 0;
	
	Circle c;
	c.super.setColor = setColorShape;
	c.super.getColor = getColorShape;
	c.super.draw = drawCircle;
	c.setDimensions = setDimensionsCircle;
	c.draw = drawCircle;

	c.setDimensions(&c, 10, 20, 10);
	draw((Shape *)&c);

	Rectangle rect;
	rect.super.setColor = setColorShape;
	rect.super.getColor = getColorShape;
	rect.super.draw = drawRectangle;
	rect.setDimensions = setDimensionsRectangle;
	rect.draw = drawRectangle;

	rect.setDimensions(&rect, 10, 10, 150, 200);
	draw((Shape *)&rect);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}