自动化运维工具Ansible------相关模块应用

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 17:39:57 发布

MQ107

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 17:39:57 发布

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分类专栏： Ansible 文章标签：运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MQ107/article/details/120645306

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文章目录

command模块
cron模块
user模块
group模块
copy模块
file模块
ping模块
service模块
shell模块
script模块
yum模块
setup模块

command模块

#查看所有主机日期
ansible all -m command -a 'date'   

#查看web组中主机root目录
ansible web -a 'ls /root'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m command -a 'date'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2021年 10月 08日 星期五 09:16:17 CST
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2021年 10月 08日 星期五 09:16:17 CST

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -m command -a 'ls /root'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
initial-setup-ks.cfg
公共
模板
视频
图片
文档
下载
音乐
桌面

cron模块

#web组中主机每分钟输出MQ，任务名为test
ansible web -m cron -a 'minute="*/1" job="/usr/bin/echo MQ" name="test"'

#查看计划性任务
ansible web -a 'crontab -l'

#移除计划性任务(absent)
ansible web -m cron -a 'name="test" state=absent'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -m cron -a 'minute="*/1" job="/usr/bin/echo MQ" name="test"'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "test"
    ]
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -a 'crontab -l'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: test
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/echo MQ

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -m cron -a 'name="test" state=absent'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": []
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -a 'crontab -l'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

user模块

#所有主机创建用户
ansible all -m user -a 'name=zhangsan'

#查看用户账户文件最后一个
ansible all -m 'command' -a 'tail -1 /etc/passwd'

#移除用户
ansible all -m user -a 'name="zhangsan" state=absent'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m user -a 'name=zhangsan'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1001, 
    "home": "/home/zhangsan", 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1001
}
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1001, 
    "home": "/home/zhangsan", 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1001
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m 'command' -a 'tail -1 /etc/passwd'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhangsan:x:1001:1001::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhangsan:x:1001:1001::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m user -a 'name="zhangsan" state=absent'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "remove": false, 
    "state": "absent"
}
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "remove": false, 
    "state": "absent"
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m 'command' -a 'tail -1 /etc/passwd'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root2:x:1000:1000:root2:/home/root2:/bin/bash
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root3:x:1000:1000:root3:/home/root3:/bin/bash

group模块

#创建mysql组，并加入系统组
ansible mysql -m group -a 'name=mysql system=yes'

#查看组账户信息（配置文件最后一个）
ansible mysql -a 'tail -1 /etc/group'

#创建用户并加入组
ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=zhangsan uid=1234 group=mysql system=yes'

#查看用户id和组id信息
ansible mysql -a 'id zhangsan'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m group -a 'name=mysql system=yes'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 985, 
    "name": "mysql", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'tail -1 /etc/group'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
mysql:x:985:

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=zhangsan uid=1234 group=mysql system=yes'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 985, 
    "home": "/home/zhangsan", 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "stderr": "useradd：警告：此主目录已经存在。\n不从 skel 目录里向其中复制任何文件。\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
        "useradd：警告：此主目录已经存在。", 
        "不从 skel 目录里向其中复制任何文件。"
    ], 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 1234
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'id zhangsan'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1234(zhangsan) gid=985(mysql) 组=985(mysql)

copy模块

#把控制端源文件复制到mysql组中主机并更名
ansible mysql -m copy -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/opt/fstab.back'

#查看文件
ansible mysql -a 'cat /opt/fstab.back'

#复制自定义内容并查看
ansible mysql -m copy -a 'content="MQ" dest=/opt/test.txt'
ansible mysql -a 'cat /opt/test.txt'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m copy -a 'src=/etc/fstab dest=/opt/fstab.back'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "d980305132b3ff06623c5f6b90f8e5400f13205f", 
    "dest": "/opt/fstab.back", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "2bbc6f8adc83a77d8fd406b462e7a5da", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
    "size": 501, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1633657422.53-45069-216167797362841/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'cat /opt/fstab.back'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Sep  9 17:57:44 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1cf66bb4-c83d-44fc-b414-9819a5de8712 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=00398be0-55ba-445f-b7c5-3b2daa383456 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=bf90b546-0cd9-4c13-ac08-a8860f719bf1 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m copy -a 'content="MQ" dest=/opt/test.txt'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "dbd1da18720a652cb47269790ad6ea46174f3df3", 
    "dest": "/opt/test.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "51f581937765890f2a706c77ea8af3cc", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
    "size": 2, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1633657435.95-45121-259480666352136/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'cat /opt/test.txt'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
MQ

file模块

#创建用户并加入系统组
ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=mysql system=yes'

#修改文件属主为mysql,加入mysql组，并赋权
ansible mysql -m file -a 'owner=mysql group=mysql mode=600 path=/opt/test.txt'
#查看文件是否修改成功
ansible mysql -a 'ls -l /opt/test.txt'

#源文件创建软链接
ansible mysql -m file -a 'src=/opt/test.txt path=/opt/test.txt.link state=link'
#查看目录
ansible mysql -a 'ls -l /opt'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=mysql system=yes'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 100, 
    "home": "/home/mysql", 
    "name": "mysql", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 990
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'owner=mysql group=mysql mode=600 path=/opt/test.txt'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 985, 
    "group": "mysql", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "mysql", 
    "path": "/opt/test.txt", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
    "size": 2, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 990
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'ls -l /opt/test.txt'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 2 10月  8 09:43 /opt/test.txt

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m file -a 'src=/opt/test.txt path=/opt/test.txt.link state=link'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/opt/test.txt.link", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/opt/test.txt", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -a 'ls -l /opt'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root  501 10月  8 09:43 fstab.back
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 3月  26 2015 rh
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql   2 10月  8 09:43 test.txt
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root  root   13 10月  8 09:51 test.txt.link -> /opt/test.txt

ping模块

#检测主机间网络是否通畅
ansible all -m ping

[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m ping 
192.168.88.30 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.88.20 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

service模块

#在web主机上安装apache服务
yum -y install httpd

#查看服务状态
ansible web -a 'systemctl status httpd'

#服务开机自启
ansible web -m service -a 'enabled=true name=httpd state=started'

在这里插入图片描述

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -a 'systemctl status httpd'
192.168.88.20 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)non-zero return code

[root@ansible ~]# ansible web -m service -a 'enabled=true name=httpd state=started'
192.168.88.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "enabled": true, 
    "name": "httpd", 
    "state": "started",

在这里插入图片描述

shell模块

#mysql组中主机创建用户
ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=zhangsan'
#给用户添加密码
ansible mysql -m shell -a 'echo 123456 | passwd --stdin zhangsan'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m user -a 'name=zhangsan'
192.168.88.30 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "append": false, 
    "changed": false, 
    "comment": "", 
    "group": 985, 
    "home": "/home/zhangsan", 
    "move_home": false, 
    "name": "zhangsan", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "uid": 1234
}

[root@ansible ~]# ansible mysql -m shell -a 'echo 123456 | passwd --stdin zhangsan'
192.168.88.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 zhangsan 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

script模块

#编写脚本
vim test.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo 'hello ansible from script' > /opt/script.txt
#赋权并使用script模块在所有主机上执行
chmod +x test.sh
ansible all -m script -a 'test.sh'

在这里插入图片描述

yum模块

#安装并查看apache服务
ansible mysql -m yum -a 'name=httpd'
ansible mysql -a 'rpm -q httpd'

#卸载apache服务，并再次查看
ansible mysql -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=absent'
ansible mysql -a 'rpm -q httpd'

在这里插入图片描述

setup模块

#获取mysql组中主机的facts信息（内容太多，这里就不截图了）
ansible mysql -m setup

#facts远程系统信息，包含IP地址，操作系统，以太网设备，MAC地址，时间/日期，硬件等信息。

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