首先,这个是封装函数:
from urllib import request,parse
from urllib.error import HTTPError,URLError
# 保存cookie
from http import cookiejar
class session(object):
def __init__(self):
# 通过对象保存cookie
cookie_object = cookiejar.CookieJar()
# handler 对应着一个操作 (HTTPCookieProcessor:就是HTTP Cookie 的处理器)
handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie_object)
# opener 遇到有cookie的response的时候,调用handler内部的一个函数,存储到cookie object
self.opener = request.build_opener(handler)
def get(self, url, headers=None ):
return get(url, headers,self.opener)
def post(self, url, form, headers=None ):
return post(url, form, headers, self.opener)
# 一、get(url, headers = None)
# 定义get方法,获取参数,返回爬取信息
def get(url, headers = None, opener=None):
return urlrequests(url, headers = headers, opener=opener)
# 二、post(url, form, headers = None)
# 定义post方法,获取参数,返回爬取信息
def post(url, form, headers = None, opener=None):
return urlrequests(url, form, headers, opener=opener)
'''
封装步骤:
#1. 传入url
#2. user_agent
#3. headers
#4. 定义Request
#5. urlopen
#6. 返回byte数组
'''
# 封装爬取信息方法
def urlrequests(url, form = None, headers = None, opener=None):
# 获取网页response中的User-Agent信息
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36'
# 如果用户需用自行转入headers, 则覆盖之前的headers
# 判断headers是否为空
if headers == None:
# 如果没有传入headers参数,即为None的时候,则把user_agent信息以值的形式传递
headers = {
'User-Agent':user_agent
}
# 定义一个变量接收数据
html_bytes = b''
# 错误类型的判断 隐藏错误信息
try:
# 判断请求类型
if form:
# POST类型
# 2.1 转换成str (导入parse)
form_str = parse.urlencode(form, encoding='utf-8')
# 2.2 转换成bytes
form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8')
# 使用request.Request获取url,data,headers
req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers)
else:
# GET类型
# 使用request.Request获取url和headers
req = request.Request(url, headers=headers)
if opener:
response = opener.open(req)
else:
response = request.urlopen(req)
# 读取获取的信息
html_bytes = response.read()
except HTTPError as e:
print(e)
except URLError as e:
print(e)
# 将读取的信息进行返回
return html_bytes
if __name__ == '__main__':
# post测试数据
# url = 'http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
# form ={
# 'kw':'哈哈'
# }
# html_bytes = post(url, form=form)
# print(html_bytes.decode('utf-8'))
# get测试数据
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
html_byte = get(url)
print(html_byte)
测试文件如下:
from fengzhuang_all import session
import json
# url
url = 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&uniqueTimestamp=2018721441132'
# form
form = {
'email': '******',
'icode': '',
'origURL': 'http://www.renren.com/home',
'domain': 'renren.com',
'key_id': '1',
'captcha_type': 'web_login',
'password': '*************',
'rkey': 'da25ffa69b1d73a097a822c8b033003e',
'f': 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2F967454193%2Fprofile',
}
# 实例化session
s = session()
# 调用session类中的post方法
html_bytes = s.post(url, form)
#html_bytes = post(url, form=form)
# 打印结果(可以打印看一下)
#print(html_bytes)
# 通过json获取一个字典类型
res_dict = json.loads(html_bytes.decode('utf-8'))
# print(res_dict)#{'code': True, 'homeUrl': 'http://www.renren.com/home'}
# 获取登录地址
home_url = res_dict['homeUrl']
# 访问页面
html_bytes = s.get(home_url)
print(html_bytes.decode('utf-8'))