Python3自学笔记 ＜六＞

参考资料:https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-tutorial.html

Python3面向对象

类定义

class ClassName:
	<statement-1>
	.
	.
	.
	<statement-2>

类对象

class MyClass:
x = 1				#属性必须赋初值

def f(self):
    return self.x + 1

#创建类的对象
y = MyClass()

#访问类的属性和方法
print(y.f())						#2
print(y.x)							#1

构造函数__init__()

# 与C++的不同之处在于, 类的数据成员可以在构造函数内定义;
# self的作用和C++中的this类似, 但不可以省略
class MyComplex:
def __init__(self, re, im):
    self.re = re
    self.im = im


x = MyComplex(1, 2)
print(x.re, x.im)

继承

class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):
	<statement-1>
	.
	.
	.
	<statement-2>	

派生类会继承基类的属性和方法

class PEOPLE:
def __init__(self, name, age, weight):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age
    self.__weight = weight  # weight为私有属性

def speak(self):
    print(f"我叫{self.name},今年{self.age}岁")


class STUDENT(PEOPLE):
    def __init__(self, name, age, weight, grade):
        PEOPLE.__init__(self, name, age, weight)
        self.grade = grade

    # 覆写父类的方法
    def speak(self):
        print(f"我叫{self.name},今年{self.age}岁,在读{self.grade}年级")


s = STUDENT('Tom', 10, 60, 3)
s.speak()

多继承

# 若是父类中有相同的方法名, 而在子类使用时未指定, Python从左向右搜索
class DerivedClassName(Base1, Base2, Base3):
	<statement-1>
	.
	.
	.
	<statement-N>

运算符的重载

class A:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def __add__(self, other):
        return A(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)


a = A(1, 2)
b = A(3, 4)
c = a + b