sklearn.preprocessing()详解: 标准化、正则化、最小最大规范化、特征二值化

一. 数据的标准化与归一化(zero-mean normalization): class sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler(*, copy=True, with_mean=True, with_std=True)

官方文档-StandardScaler

• standard score(z) of a sample x: z = (x - u) / s
  u: the mean of training samples (u = 0 if with_mean = False)
  s: the standard deviation of the training samples (s = 1 if with_std = False)
  

• Parameters and Attributes:
  
  例子：

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
data = [[0, 0], [0, 0], [1, 1], [1, 1]]
scaler = StandardScaler()
print(scaler.fit(data))

output: StandardScaler()

print(scaler.mean_)
print(scaler.var_)

output:
array([0.5, 0.5])
array([0.25, 0.25])

其中scaler.fit(data)，即StandardScaler.fit(data)计算出数据的平均值和标准差，并存储在StandardScaler()中便于之后的使用；
调用attributes中的mean_和var_求数据的平均值和方差.
除了fit()之外，StandardScaler()还有许多不同的methods：

• Popular Methods:

1. fit(): compute the mean and std to be used for later scaling
2. fit_transform(): fit to data, then transform it