sklearn.preprocessing.Normalizer

①sklearn.preprocessing.Normalizer(norm=’l2’, copy=True)

norm：可以为l1、l2或max，默认为l2

若为l1时，样本各个特征值除以各个特征值的绝对值之和

若为l2时，样本各个特征值除以各个特征值的平方之和

若为max时，样本各个特征值除以样本中特征值最大的值

In [8]: from sklearn import preprocessing
   ...: X = [[ 1., -1., 2.], [ 2., 0., 0.],[ 0., 1., -1.]]
   ...: normalizer = preprocessing.Normalizer().fit(X)#fit does nothing
   ...: normalizer
   ...:
Out[8]: Normalizer(copy=True, norm='l2')

In [9]: normalizer.transform(X)
Out[9]:
array([[ 0.40824829, -0.40824829,  0.81649658],
       [ 1.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
       [ 0.        ,  0.70710678, -0.70710678]])

Normalizer估计器是无状态的，即此时的fit方法没有做任何事情

In [11]: import numpy as np

In [12]: X_test = np.array([[1,1,6],[2,3,5],[4,1,2]]).astype(float)
    ...: normalizer.transform(X_test)
    ...:
Out[12]:
array([[ 0.16222142,  0.16222142,  0.97332853],
       [ 0.32444284,  0.48666426,  0.81110711],
       [ 0.87287156,  0.21821789,  0.43643578]])

②preprocessing.normalize(X, norm='l2', axis=1, copy=True, return_norm=False)

利用normalize方法进行标准化

In [13]: from sklearn import preprocessing
    ...: X = [[ 1., -1., 2.], [ 2., 0., 0.],[ 0., 1., -1.]]
    ...: X_normalized = preprocessing.normalize(X, norm='l2')
    ...: X_normalized
    ...:
Out[13]:
array([[ 0.40824829, -0.40824829,  0.81649658],
       [ 1.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ],
       [ 0.        ,  0.70710678, -0.70710678]])