Deploy Python Django Web Application with UWSGI and Nginx

1. Install Packages

• Install python-devel

  yum install python-devel
  

• Install uwsgi

  pip install uwsgi
  

2. Configure uWSGI

Refer to official configuration document: https://uwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html

The configuration system is unified, so each command line option maps 1:1 with entries in the configuration files.

Example:

uwsgi --http-socket :9090 --psgi myapp.pl

can be written as

[uwsgi]
http-socket = :9090
psgi = myapp.pl

2.1 Loading configuration files

uWSGI supports loading configuration files over several methods other than simple disk files:

uwsgi --ini http://uwsgi.it/configs/myapp.ini # HTTP
uwsgi --xml - # standard input
uwsgi --yaml fd://0 # file descriptor
uwsgi --json 'exec://nc 192.168.11.2:33000' # arbitrary executable

2.2 Magic variables

uWSGI configuration files can include “magic” variables, prefixed with a percent sign. Currently the following magic variables (you can access them in Python via uwsgi.magic_table) are defined.

%v	the vassals directory (pwd)
%V	the uWSGI version
%h	the hostname
%o	the original config filename, as specified on the command line
%O	same as %o but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%p	the absolute path of the configuration file
%P	same as %p but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%s	the filename of the configuration file
%S	same as %s but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%d	the absolute path of the directory containing the configuration file
%D	same as %d but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%e	the extension of the configuration file
%E	same as %e but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%n	the filename without extension
%N	same as %n but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%c	the name of the directory containing the config file (version 1.3+)
%C	same as %c but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%t	unix time (in seconds, gathered at instance startup) (version 1.9.20-dev+)
%T	unix time (in microseconds, gathered at instance startup) (version 1.9.20-dev+)
%x	the current section identifier, eg. config.ini:section (version 1.9-dev+)
%X	same as %x but refer to the first non-template config file (version 1.9.18)
%i	inode number of the file (version 2.0.1)
%I	same as %i but refer to the first non-template config file
%0…%9	a specific component of the full path of the directory containing the config file (version 1.3+)
%[	ANSI escape “\033” (useful for printing colors)
%k	detected cpu cores (version 1.9.20-dev+)
%u	uid of the user running the process (version 2.0)
%U	username (if available, otherwise fallback to uid) of the user running the process (version 2.0)
%g	gid of the user running the process (version 2.0)
%G	group name (if available, otherwise fallback to gid) of the user running the process (version 2.0)
%j	HEX representation of the djb33x hash of the full config path
%J	same as %j but refer to the first non-template config file

2.3 Placeholders

Placeholders are custom magic variables defined during configuration time by setting a new configuration variable of your own devising.

[uwsgi]
; These are placeholders...
my_funny_domain = uwsgi.it
set-ph = max_customer_address_space=64
set-placeholder = customers_base_dir=/var/www
; And these aren't.
socket = /tmp/sockets/%(my_funny_domain).sock
chdir = %(customers_base_dir)/%(my_funny_domain)
limit-as = %(max_customer_address_space)

Placeholders can be assigned directly, or using the set-placeholder / set-ph option. These latter options can be useful to:

• Make it more explicit that you’re setting placeholders instead of regular options.
• Set options on the commandline, since unknown options like --foo=bar are rejected but --set-placeholder foo=bar is ok.
• Set placeholders when strict mode is enabled.

Placeholders are accessible, like any uWSGI option, in your application code via uwsgi.opt.

import uwsgi
print uwsgi.opt['customers_base_dir']

This feature can be (ab)used to reduce the number of configuration files required by your application.

2.4 Placeholders math

You can apply math formulas to placeholders using this special syntax:

[uwsgi]
foo = 17
bar = 30
; total will be 50
total = %(foo + bar + 3)

Remember to not miss spaces between operations.

Operations are executed in a pipeline (not in common math style):

[uwsgi]
foo = 17
bar = 30
total = %(foo + bar + 3 * 2)

‘total’ will be evaluated as 100:

(((foo + bar) + 3) * 2)

Incremental and decremental shortcuts are available

[uwsgi]
foo = 29
; remember the space !!!
bar = %(foo ++)

bar will be 30

If you do not specify an operation between two items, ‘string concatenation’ is assumed:

[uwsgi]
foo = 2
bar = 9
; remember the space !!!
bar = %(foo bar ++)

the first two items will be evaluated as ‘29’ (not 11 as no math operation has been specified)

2.5 Start & Reload

#start
uwsgi conf.ini
# reload
uwsgi --reload /tmp/project-master.pid

Example

uWSGI

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:3031
chdir = /datageek/DataGeek/api/
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid
wsgi-file = api/wsgi.py
processes = 4
threads = 2
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
daemonize=/datageek/log/uwsgi/datageek.log

Nginx

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /datageek/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /datageek/DataGeek/webapp/dist/index.html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
	    root /datageek/DataGeek/webapp/dist;
        }
	location /api {
	    include uwsgi_params;
	    uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3031;
	}

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        location / {
#        }
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}