Java编程那些事儿50—多维数组使用示例2

 
Java编程那些事儿50—多维数组使用示例2
郑州游戏学院 陈跃峰
       6.6.3 存储图形结构
         要求:根据数组中的值,在对应位置绘制指定的字符。规定0绘制空格,1绘制星号(*)。数组的值如下所示:
                            {
                                     {0,0,0,1,0,0,0},
                                     {0,0,1,0,1,0,0},
                                     {0,1,0,0,0,1,0},
                                     {1,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                                     {0,1,0,0,0,1,0},
                                     {0,0,1,0,1,0,0},
                                     {0,0,0,1,0,0,0}
                            }
         该题目是一个基本的数组应用,数组中的值存储的是控制信息,程序根据数组中的值实现规定的功能。
         实现思路:循环数组中的元素,判断数组中的值,根据值绘制对应的字符即可。
         实现的代码如下所示:
                   int[][] map = {
                                     {0,0,0,1,0,0,0},
                                     {0,0,1,0,1,0,0},
                                     {0,1,0,0,0,1,0},
                                     {1,0,0,0,0,0,1},
                                     {0,1,0,0,0,1,0},
                                     {0,0,1,0,1,0,0},
                                     {0,0,0,1,0,0,0}
                   };
                   //输出数组的值
                   for(int row = 0;row < map.length;row++){
                            for(int col = 0;col < map[row].length;col++){
                                     switch(map[row][col]){
                                     case 0:
                                               System.out.print(' ');
                                               break;
                                     case 1:
                                               System.out.print('*');
                                               break;
                                     }
                            }
                            System.out.println();
                   }
         类似的代码在游戏开发中,可以用来代表游戏中的地图数据,或者俄罗斯方块等益智游戏中地图块的值。
       6.6.4 螺旋数组
         要求:存储和输出nXm的螺旋数组,其中n和m为大于0的整数。
         以下是一些螺旋数组的示例:
1          2  3  4                      1  2  3  4  5
12 13 14 5                      14  15  16  17 6
11  16 15 6                      13  20  19  18  7
10 9  8  7                      12  11  10   9  8
4X4螺旋数组                         4X5螺旋数组
         对于螺旋数组来说,其中的数值很有规则,就是按照旋转的结构数值每次加1,实现该功能需要对数组和流程控制有角深刻的认识。
         实现思路:声明一个变量来代表需要为数组元素赋的值,对于其中的数字来说,每个数字都有一个移动方向,这个方向指向下一个元素,根据该方向改变数组的下标,如果到达边界或指向的元素已经赋值,则改变方向。
         实现代码如下:
                  int n = 4;
                   int m = 5;
                   int[][] data = new int[n][m];
                   int dire;   //当前数字的移动方向
                   final int UP = 0;   //上
                   final int DOWN = 1; //下
                   final int LEFT = 2; //左
                   final int RIGHT = 3;//右
                   dire = RIGHT;
                   int value = 1;    //数组元素的值
                   int row = 0;     //第一维下标
                   int col = 0;     //第二维下标
                   data[0][0] = 1; //初始化第一个元素
                   while(value < n * m){
                            switch(dire){
                                     case UP:
                                               row--; //移动到上一行
                                               if(row < 0){ //超过边界
                                                        row++; //后退
                                                        dire = RIGHT;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }else if(data[row][col] != 0){//已赋值
                                                        row++; //后退
                                                        dire = RIGHT;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }
                                               break;
                                     case DOWN:
                                               row++; //移动到下一行
                                               if(row >= n){ //超过边界
                                                        row--; //后退
                                                        dire = LEFT;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }else if(data[row][col] != 0){//已赋值
                                                        row--; //后退
                                                        dire = LEFT;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }
                                               break;
                                     case LEFT:
                                               col--; //移动到前一列
                                               if(col < 0){ //超过边界
                                                        col++; //后退
                                                        dire = UP;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }else if(data[row][col] != 0){//已赋值
                                                        col++; //后退
                                                        dire = UP;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }
                                               break;
                                     case RIGHT:
                                               col++; //移动到后一行
                                               if(col >= m){ //超过边界
                                                        col--; //后退
                                                        dire = DOWN;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }else if(data[row][col] != 0){//已赋值
                                                        col--; //后退
                                                        dire = DOWN;
                                                        continue; //跳过该次循环
                                               }
                                               break;
                            }
                            value++; //数值增加1
                            data[row][col] = value;//赋值                    
                   }
                   //输出数组中的元素
                   for(int i = 0;i < data.length;i++){
                            for(int j = 0;j < data[i].length;j++){
                                     if(data[i][j] < 10){//右对齐
                                               System.out.print(' ');
                                     }
                                     System.out.print(data[i][j]);
                                     System.out.print(' ');
                            }
                            System.out.println();
                   }
         在该代码中dire代表当前元素的移动方向,每个根据该变量的值实现移动,如果移动时超出边界或移动到的位置已赋值,则改变方向,并跳过本次循环,如果移动成功,则数值增加1,对数组元素进行赋值。
         对于多维数组来说,更多的是设计数组的结构,并根据逻辑的需要变换数组的下标,实现对于多维数组元素的操作。
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