Java静态变量初始化的一个实例的分析

class Singleton {
	public static Singleton ps = new Singleton();
	public static int a = 2;
	public static int b = 0;

	private Singleton() 
	{
		super();
		a++;
		b++;
	}

	public static Singleton getInstance() 
	{
		return ps;
	}
}


public class Test
{
	

	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Singleton mysingleton = Singleton.getInstance();
		System.out.println(Singleton.a);
		System.out.println(Singleton.b);
	}
	
}

控制台输入和输出:

E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javac Test.java
E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javap -c Singleto
Compiled from "Test.java"
class minglu.Singleton extends java.lang.Object{
public static minglu.Singleton ps;
public static int a;
public static int b;
public static minglu.Singleton getInstance();
  Code:
   0:   getstatic       #4; //Field ps:Lminglu/Singleton;
   3:   areturn
static {};
  Code:
   0:   new     #5; //class minglu/Singleton
   3:   dup
   4:   invokespecial   #6; //Method "<init>":()V
   7:   putstatic       #4; //Field ps:Lminglu/Singleton;
   10:  iconst_2
   11:  putstatic       #2; //Field a:I
   14:  iconst_0
   15:  putstatic       #3; //Field b:I
   18:  return
}

E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javap -c Test
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class minglu.Test extends java.lang.Object{
public minglu.Test();
  Code:
   0:   aload_0
   1:   invokespecial   #1; //Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   4:   return
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
  Code:
   0:   invokestatic    #2; //Method minglu/Singleton.getInstance:()Lminglu/Sing
leton;
   3:   astore_1
   4:   getstatic       #3; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   7:   getstatic       #4; //Field minglu/Singleton.a:I
   10:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
   13:  getstatic       #3; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   16:  getstatic       #6; //Field minglu/Singleton.b:I
   19:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
   22:  return
}

<pre class="java" name="code">class Singleton 
{
	
	public static int a = 2;
	public static int b = 0;
	public static Singleton ps = new Singleton();
	private Singleton() 
	{
		super();
		a++;
		b++;
	}

	public static Singleton getInstance() 
	{
		return ps;
	}
}

public class Test
{
	

	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Singleton mysingleton = Singleton.getInstance();
		System.out.println(Singleton.a);
		System.out.println(Singleton.b);
	}
	
}

控制台输入和输出

E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javac Test.java

E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javap -c Singleton
Compiled from "Test.java"
class minglu.Singleton extends java.lang.Object{
public static int a;

public static int b;

public static minglu.Singleton ps;

public static minglu.Singleton getInstance();
  Code:
   0:   getstatic       #4; //Field ps:Lminglu/Singleton;
   3:   return

static {};
  Code:
   0:   iconst_2
   1:   putstatic       #2; //Field a:I
   4:   iconst_0
   5:   putstatic       #3; //Field b:I
   8:   new     #5; //class minglu/Singleton
   11:  dup
   12:  invokespecial   #6; //Method "<init>":()V
   15:  putstatic       #4; //Field ps:Lminglu/Singleton;
   18:  return

}

E:\eclipse\workspace\JavaTest\src\minglu>javap -c Test
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class minglu.Test extends java.lang.Object{
public minglu.Test();
  Code:
   0:   aload_0
   1:   invokespecial   #1; //Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   4:   return

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
  Code:
   0:   invokestatic    #2; //Method minglu/Singleton.getInstance:()Lminglu/Sing
leton;
   3:   astore_1
   4:   getstatic       #3; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   7:   getstatic       #4; //Field minglu/Singleton.a:I
   10:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
   13:  getstatic       #3; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   16:  getstatic       #6; //Field minglu/Singleton.b:I
   19:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
   22:  return

}

</pre><p class="java" name="code"></p><p class="java" name="code"></p><pre class="java" name="code">

public class Test6 { <br /><br />public static void main(String[] args) { <br />Test6 t6 = new Test6(); <br />} <br />} <br /><br />通过javap将上面的代码反编译为虚拟机指令，如下： <br /><br />public class com.zte.practical1.Test6 extends java.lang.Object{ <br />public com.zte.practical1.Test6(); <br />  Code: <br />   0:   aload_0 <br />   1:   invokespecial   #8; //Method java/lang/Object." <init>":()V <br />   4:   return <br /><br />public static void main(java.lang.String[]); <br />  Code: <br />   0:   new     #1; //class com/zte/practical1/Test6 <br />   3:  <span style="color:#ff00;"> dup </span><br />   4:   invokespecial   #16; //Method " <init>":()V <br />   7:   astore_1 <br />   8:   return <br />} </p><p><br /></p><p>这个上下文中的作用，我个人不是很理解为什么要使用dup指令。 <br /><br />下面是《深入JAVA虚拟机》书中dup指令解释的原话：要执行dup指令，Java虚拟机复制了操作数栈顶部的一个字长的内容，然后在将复制的内容压入栈。本指令能够从操作数栈顶不复制任何单字长的值。 <br /></p><p><pre class="java" name="code">  0:  new    #1; //从内存中申请一块类 com.zte.practical1.Test6 的对象空间,将空间的地址放入栈顶
  3:  dup //将第0步得到的类Test6 的对象空间地址复制一份,放入栈顶.为什么要复制?
//这是因为:执行第4步(即下一步)的指令(即:调用Test6()构造器时,是需要对象的引用的,即:
//是用Test6()构造器对这个引用所代表的对象空间做初始化的.另外:解析#16时,也要用到它是属于哪个对象的引用.
  4:  invokespecial  #16; //Method " <init>":()V  //执行这一指令时,用到第3步中的引用.
//执行完成后,第3步的引用已经从栈中弹出了
  7:  astore_1  //将此时的栈顶值(正是第0步放入的对象的引用,该引用的对象空间已由3-4两步初始化过了)
//弹出,放入局部变量Test6 t6中.
  8:  return