Linux常用命令（持续更新。。。）

Linux 文件的分割与合并

1、分割 - - split命令
可以指定按行数分割和按字节大小分割两种模式。

(1) 按行数分割

#每300行一个文件
split -l 300 large_file.txt new_file
#加上-d，使用数字后缀；加上--verbose，显示分割进度：
split -l 300 large_file.txt -d part_ --verbose

(2) 按字节大小分割

split -b 10m large_file.log new_file

2、合并 - - cat命令

cat file1 file2 file3 ... fileN > merge_file.txt

注split命令语法:

$ split --h
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --suffix-length=N   generate suffixes of length N (default 2)            后缀名称的长度 (默认为2) 
      --additional-suffix=SUFFIX  append an additional SUFFIX to file names
  -b, --bytes=SIZE        put SIZE bytes per output file                       每个输出文件的字节大小
  -C, --line-bytes=SIZE   put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file    每个输出文件每行的最大字节大小
  -d                      use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic   使用数字后缀代替字母后缀
      --numeric-suffixes[=FROM]  same as -d, but allow setting the start value
  -e, --elide-empty-files  do not generate empty output files with '-n'        不产生空的输出文件
      --filter=COMMAND    write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE           写入到shell命令行
  -l, --lines=NUMBER      put NUMBER lines/records per output file             设定每个输出文件的行数，默认行数是1000行
  -n, --number=CHUNKS     generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below  产生chunks文件
  -t, --separator=SEP     use SEP instead of newline as the record separator;  使用新字符分割
                            '\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
  -u, --unbuffered        immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...'     无需缓存
      --verbose           print a diagnostic just before each                  显示分割进度
                            output file is opened
      --help     display this help and exit                                    显示帮助信息
      --version  output version information and exit                           显示版本信息

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

CHUNKS may be:
  N       split into N files based on size of input
  K/N     output Kth of N to stdout
  l/N     split into N files without splitting lines/records
  l/K/N   output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
  r/N     like 'l' but use round robin distribution
  r/K/N   likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'