python学习

python学习

name = "I love you"
print(name.title())
print(name.upper())
print(name.lower())
rsplit()#将字符串按空格分开放到数组中
strip()#去掉字符两端空格
lstrip()#去掉左端空格
rstrip()#去掉右端空格
str()#将类型转为字符串
name[-1]#输出数组中最后一个元素
append()#向列表末尾加元素
insert(i,'t')#向列表第i个位置插入't'
del name[0] #删除第0个元素
pop()#删除列表末尾元素
remove('t')#删除列表中的't'元素，只能删除第一个
name.sort()#排序
sorted(name)#临时排序
reverse()#反转列表元素的排列顺序
len(name)#列表长度

遍历键值对：(不关心键值对的顺序）

for key, vlue in name.item():
    print(key + vlue)

遍历字典中所有的值键(可忽略.key()）：

for nam in name.keys():
    print(name.title)

同理可以遍历字典中所有值调用.value()即可

按顺序遍历字典中的所有键：

num = {'st': 'green', 's2': 'blue', 's3': 'ride', 's4': 'ce'}

for nam in sorted(num.keys()):
    print(nam.title())

传递任意实数的实参：

def result(*test):
    print(test)


result(1)
result(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

使用任意数量的关键字实参：

def result(a, b, **test):
    test['a1'] = a
    test['b1'] = b
    for key, value in test.items():
        test[key] = value
    return test


profile = result('a', 's', t1=1, t2=2)
print(profile)

创建类和实例

class Dog(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def sit(self):
        print(self.name.title() + " is sitting")

    def roll(self):
        print(self.name.title() + "is rolling")


my_dog = Dog('dog', 24)
print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title())

继承：

class Car():
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name

    def read_odometer(self):
        print(self.odometer_reding)

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reding:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("you can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles


class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __int__(self, make, model, year):
        super().__init__(make, model, year)


my_test = ElectricCar('test', 'model', 2016)
print(my_test.get_descriptive_name())

给子类定义属性和方法：

class Car():
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name

    def read_odometer(self):
        print(self.odometer_reding)

    def update_odometer(self,mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reding:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("you can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles


class ElectricCar(Car):
    battery_size = 80

    def __int__(self, make, model, year, battery):
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery_size = battery

    def describe_battery(self):
        print(self.battery_size)


my_test = ElectricCar('test', 'model', 2016)
print(my_test.get_descriptive_name())
my_test.describe_battery()

读取文件：

with open('pi.txt') as file:
    contents = file.read()
    print(contents.rstrip())    #去掉字符串末尾的空白

逐行读取：

with open('pi.txt') as file:
    for contents in file:
        print(contents.rstrip())

with open('pi.txt') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

for line in lines:
    print(line.rstrip())

写入文件：

with open('pi.txt', 'a') as file:
    file.write("i can do my best, i'm the best one")

异常：

try:
    print(5/0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("你的输入不合法！")

try:
    with open('pi.txt') as file:
        contents = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("文件读取失败")
else:
    words = contents.split()
    num_words = len(words)
    print(num_words)

matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

num = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(num)
plt.show()