3301: [USACO2011 Feb] Cow Line
Time Limit: 10 Sec Memory Limit: 128 MBSubmit: 215 Solved: 108
[ Submit][ Status][ Discuss]
Description
The N (1 <= N <= 20) cows conveniently numbered 1...N are playing
yet another one of their crazy games with Farmer John. The cows
will arrange themselves in a line and ask Farmer John what their
line number is. In return, Farmer John can give them a line number
and the cows must rearrange themselves into that line.
A line number is assigned by numbering all the permutations of the
line in lexicographic order.
Consider this example:
Farmer John has 5 cows and gives them the line number of 3.
The permutations of the line in ascending lexicographic order:
1st: 1 2 3 4 5
2nd: 1 2 3 5 4
3rd: 1 2 4 3 5
Therefore, the cows will line themselves in the cow line 1 2 4 3 5.
The cows, in return, line themselves in the configuration "1 2 5 3 4" and
ask Farmer John what their line number is.
Continuing with the list:
4th : 1 2 4 5 3
5th : 1 2 5 3 4
Farmer John can see the answer here is 5
Farmer John and the cows would like your help to play their game.
They have K (1 <= K <= 10,000) queries that they need help with.
Query i has two parts: C_i will be the command, which is either 'P'
or 'Q'.
If C_i is 'P', then the second part of the query will be one integer
A_i (1 <= A_i <= N!), which is a line number. This is Farmer John
challenging the cows to line up in the correct cow line.
If C_i is 'Q', then the second part of the query will be N distinct
integers B_ij (1 <= B_ij <= N). This will denote a cow line. These are the
cows challenging Farmer John to find their line number.
有N头牛,分别用1……N表示,排成一行。
将N头牛,所有可能的排列方式,按字典顺序从小到大排列起来。
例如:有5头牛
1st: 1 2 3 4 5
2nd: 1 2 3 5 4
3rd: 1 2 4 3 5
4th : 1 2 4 5 3
5th : 1 2 5 3 4
……
现在,已知N头牛的排列方式,求这种排列方式的行号。
或者已知行号,求牛的排列方式。
所谓行号,是指在N头牛所有可能排列方式,按字典顺序从大到小排列后,某一特定排列方式所在行的编号。
如果,行号是3,则排列方式为1 2 4 3 5
如果,排列方式是 1 2 5 3 4 则行号为5
有K次问答,第i次问答的类型,由C_i来指明,C_i要么是‘P’要么是‘Q’。
当C_i为P时,将提供行号,让你答牛的排列方式。当C_i为Q时,将告诉你牛的排列方式,让你答行号。
Input
* Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K
* Lines 2..2*K+1: Line 2*i and 2*i+1 will contain a single query.
Line 2*i will contain just one character: 'Q' if the cows are lining
up and asking Farmer John for their line number or 'P' if Farmer
John gives the cows a line number.
If the line 2*i is 'Q', then line 2*i+1 will contain N space-separated
integers B_ij which represent the cow line. If the line 2*i is 'P',
then line 2*i+1 will contain a single integer A_i which is the line
number to solve for.
第1行:N和K
第2至2*K+1行:Line2*i ,一个字符‘P’或‘Q’,指明类型。
如果Line2*i是P,则Line2*i+1,是一个整数,表示行号;
如果Line2*i+1 是Q ,则Line2+i,是N个空格隔开的整数,表示牛的排列方式。
Output
* Lines 1..K: Line i will contain the answer to query i.
If line 2*i of the input was 'Q', then this line will contain a
single integer, which is the line number of the cow line in line
2*i+1.
If line 2*i of the input was 'P', then this line will contain N
space separated integers giving the cow line of the number in line
2*i+1.
第1至K行:如果输入Line2*i 是P,则输出牛的排列方式;如果输入Line2*i是Q,则输出行号
Sample Input
P
3
Q
1 2 5 3 4
Sample Output
1 2 4 3 5
5
HINT
Source
今天学习了一发康托展开, 很简单也很精妙, 用一种变进制的思想恰好对应了排列, 而且还可以倒推回来...
这道题就是裸的康托展开啦.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define clear(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof(a))
using namespace std;
char ss[2];
int n, K;
long long rank, pw[22];
int id[22], a[22], vis[22];
inline void ExCantor() {
long long ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++ i)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++ i) {
int cnt = 0;
for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; ++ j)
if (a[j] < a[i]) cnt ++;
ans += cnt * pw[n - i];
}
printf("%lld\n", ++ ans);
}
inline void IExcantor() {
clear(vis);
scanf("%lld", &rank);
rank --;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++ i) {
int t = rank / pw[n - i];
rank %= pw[n - i];
for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++ j)
if (!vis[j]) {
if (!t) {id[i] = j; vis[j] = true; break;}
t --;
}
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++ i)
printf("%d ", id[i]);
printf("%d\n", id[n]);
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &K);
pw[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++ i) pw[i] = pw[i - 1] * i;
for (int i = 1; i <= K; ++ i) {
scanf("%s", ss);
if (ss[0] == 'P') IExcantor();
else ExCantor();
}
}