STL函数对象当参数和返回值

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<list>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
class ShowElemt
{
public:
	ShowElemt()
	{
		n = 0;
	}
	void operator()(T&t)
	{
		n++;
//		printN();
		cout << t <<" ";
	}
	void printN()
	{
		cout << "n:" << n << " ";
	}
private:
	int n;

};

//模板函数
template<typename T>
void FunShowElemt(T  &t)
{
	cout << "FunShowElemt:" << t << " ";
}

//普通函数
void FunShowElemt2(int  &t)
{

	cout << "FunShowElemt2:" << t << " ";
}

void main01()
{
	int a = 10;
	ShowElemt<int> showElemt;
	showElemt(a);//函数对象的执行很像一个函数 伪函数

	FunShowElemt<int>(a);
	FunShowElemt2(a);
}

//函数对象是属于类对象，能突破函数概念，能保持调用状态信息
//for_each算法中 函数对象做函数参数
//for_each算法中 函数对象当返回值

void main02()
{
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(5);

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), ShowElemt<int>());
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), FunShowElemt2);
	cout << endl;

	ShowElemt<int> show1;

	/*
	template<class _InIt,class _Fn1> inline	_Fn1 for_each(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Fn1 _Func)
	{	// perform function for each element
		_DEBUG_RANGE(_First, _Last);
		_DEBUG_POINTER(_Func);
		_For_each(_Unchecked(_First), _Unchecked(_Last), _Func);

	return (_STD move(_Func));
	}
	*/
	

	//for_each算法的函数 对象的传递 是元素值传递，不是引用传递
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), show1);
	show1.printN();

	cout << endl;

	show1 = for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), show1);//通过for_each算法的返回值看调用的次数
	show1.printN();
//结论要点：分清楚 stl算法返回的值是迭代器还是谓词（函数对象）是stl算法入门的重要点
}