GO语言：文件操作之写入文件及iota生成常量

一、Writing files 写入文件

1. Writing string to a file 写入字符串

        package main

        import (
            "fmt"
            "os"
        )

        func main() {
            f, err := os.Create("writing.txt") // 创建文件
            fmt.Println(err)
            if err != nil { // 查看是否出错
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
            l, err := f.WriteString("Hello, World!") // 写入文件
            fmt.Println(err)
            if err != nil { // 查看是否出错
                fmt.Println(err)
                f.Close()
                return
            }
            fmt.Println(l, "bytes written successfully")
            err = f.Close()
            if err != nil { // 查看是否出错
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
        }

        // <nil>
        // <nil>
        // 13 bytes written successfully

2. Writing bytes to a file 写入字节

        package main

        import (
            "fmt"
            "os"
        )

        func main() {
            f, err := os.Create("bytes")
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }

            d2 := []byte{104, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 98, 121, 116, 101, 115}

            n, err := f.Write(d2)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                f.Close()
                return
            }
            fmt.Println(n, "Bytes written successfully")
            err = f.Close()
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
        }
		

		// 11 Bytes written successfully

3. Writing strings line by line to a file 一行一行写入

        package main

        import (
            "fmt"
            "os"
        )

        func main() {
            f, err := os.Create("Lines")
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                f.Close()
                return
            }

            d := []string{"Welcome to the world of Go1.", "Go is a compiled language.", "It is easy to learn Go."}

            for _, v := range d {
                fmt.Fprintln(f, v) // 使用 fmt.Fprintln() 函数将每个元素写入文件
                if err != nil {
                    fmt.Println(err)
                    return
                }
            }
            err = f.Close()
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
            fmt.Println("File written successfully")
        }

        // File written successfully

4. Appending to a file 添加内容

        package main

        import (  
            "fmt"
            "os"
        )

        func main() {  
            f, err := os.OpenFile("lines", os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
            newLine := "File handling is easy."
            _, err = fmt.Fprintln(f, newLine)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                        f.Close()
                return
            }
            err = f.Close()
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
            fmt.Println("file appended successfully")
        }

        // File appended successfully

5. Writing to file concurrently 并发写入文件

        package main

        import (
            "fmt"
            "math/rand"
            "os"
            "sync"
        )

        func produce(data chan int, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
            n := rand.Intn(999) 	// 随机生成999以内的数字传入通道
            data <- n
            wg.Done()
        }

        func consume(data chan int, done chan bool) {
            f, err := os.Create("concurrent")		// 创建文件
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
            }
            for d := range data {
                _, err = fmt.Fprintln(f, d) 	// 循环添加入文件
                if err != nil {             	// 如果不为nil则写入失败
                    fmt.Println(err)
                    f.Close()
                    done <- false 	// 传入通道失败
                    return
                }
            }
            err = f.Close() 	// 关闭文件
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                done <- false
                return
            }
            done <- true 	// 关闭通道
        }

        func main() {
            data := make(chan int)
            done := make(chan bool)
            wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
            for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
                wg.Add(1)
                go produce(data, &wg)
            }
            go consume(data, done)
            go func() {
                wg.Wait()
                close(data)
            }()
            d := <-done
            if d {
                fmt.Println("File written successfully")
            } else {
                fmt.Println("File writing failed")
            }
        }

        // File written successfully

读取文件请查看上一篇文章

二、iota 常量生成器

        type WeekDay int

        const (
            Sunday WeekDay = iota
            Monday
            Tuesday
            Wednesday
            Thursday
            Friday
            Saturday
        )

        func main() {

            fmt.Println(Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, WeekDay(2))
            fmt.Println(WeekDay(0))

            day := WeekDay(1)

            switch day {
            case Sunday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期日")
            case Monday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期一")
            case Tuesday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期二")
            case Wednesday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期三")
            case Thursday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期四")
            case Friday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期五")
            case Saturday:
                fmt.Println("今天是星期六")
            default:
                fmt.Println("无效的星期")
            }
        }

        // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2
        // 0
        // 今天是星期一

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