Centos7 离线安装MySQL8

版本：
Centos: 7,
CPU: x86_64
MySQL:8.0

写在前面，如果需要MySQL区分大小写，则应该在第一次启动MySQL之前，找到mysqld（/usr/sbin/mysqld），使用如下命令启用一次：

mysqld --initialize --lower-case-table-names=1

然后，在/etc/my.cnf中添加同样的参数：

[mysqld]
lower-case-table-names=1

1. 官网下载对应linux发行版本的RPM集成压缩包（bundle，700多M），包含MySQL所有依赖，记得区分处理器x86平台和ARM平台；
2. 解压，按顺序安装rpm包，先从依赖包开始安装，如果缺少依赖，会提示你是哪一个，按照提示安装即可

rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3. 安装好后启动mysql

systemctl start mysqld

查看启动状态：

systemctl status mysqld

4. 获取临时密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

问题来了

1. 登录**（坑1）**：

mysql -u root -p

输入临时密码无效

2. 使用skip-grant-tables跳过密码登录

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock


skip-grant-tables


log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

3. 重启mysql，重新登录，修改密码**（坑2）**

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';

提示：使用了skip-grant-tables，不能修改密码**（WTF）**

4. 解决办法，先执行以下命令：

flush privileges;

再使用步骤3的命令修改密码，大功告成！

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

5. 去掉my.ini中的skip-grant-tables参数，重启mysql，就可以愉快地玩耍了！

创建用户，添加权限

CREATE USER 'custom'@'%.example.com' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP  ON customer.addresses  TO 'custom'@'%.example.com';