DL（五）利用softmax线性分类器对线性不可分数据进行分类

下面为代码：

#Train a Linear Classifier
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


np.random.seed(0)
N = 100 # number of points per class
D = 2 # dimensionality
K = 3 # number of classes
X = np.zeros((N*K,D))
y = np.zeros(N*K, dtype='uint8')
for j in range(K):
  ix = range(N*j,N*(j+1))
  r = np.linspace(0.0,1,N) # radius
  t = np.linspace(j*4,(j+1)*4,N) + np.random.randn(N)*0.2 # theta
  X[ix] = np.c_[r*np.sin(t), r*np.cos(t)]
  y[ix] = j



W = 0.01 * np.random.randn(D,K)
b = np.zeros((1,K))

# some hyperparameters
step_size = 1e-0
reg = 1e-3 # regularization strength

# gradient descent loop
num_examples = X.shape[0]
for i in range(1000):
  #print X.shape
  # evaluate class scores, [N x K]
  scores = np.dot(X, W) + b   #x:300*2 scores:300*3
  #print scores.shape 
  # compute the class probabilities
  exp_scores = np.exp(scores)
  probs = exp_scores / np.sum(exp_scores, axis=1, keepdims=True) # [N x K] probs:300*3
  print (probs.shape) 
  # compute the loss: average cross-entropy loss and regularization
  corect_logprobs = -np.log(probs[range(num_examples),y]) #corect_logprobs:300*1
  print (corect_logprobs.shape)
  data_loss = np.sum(corect_logprobs)/num_examples
  reg_loss = 0.5*reg*np.sum(W*W)
  loss = data_loss + reg_loss
  if i % 100 == 0:
    print ("iteration %d: loss %f" % (i, loss))

  # compute the gradient on scores
  dscores = probs
  dscores[range(num_examples),y] -= 1
  dscores /= num_examples

  # backpropate the gradient to the parameters (W,b)
  dW = np.dot(X.T, dscores)
  db = np.sum(dscores, axis=0, keepdims=True)

  dW += reg*W # regularization gradient

  # perform a parameter update
  W += -step_size * dW
  b += -step_size * db
  scores = np.dot(X, W) + b
predicted_class = np.argmax(scores, axis=1)
print ('training accuracy: %.2f' % (np.mean(predicted_class == y)))

h = 0.02
x_min, x_max = X[:, 0].min() - 1, X[:, 0].max() + 1
y_min, y_max = X[:, 1].min() - 1, X[:, 1].max() + 1
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h),
                     np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))
Z = np.dot(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()], W) + b
Z = np.argmax(Z, axis=1)
Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
fig = plt.figure()
plt.contourf(xx, yy, Z, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral, alpha=0.8)
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, s=40, cmap=plt.cm.Spectral)
plt.xlim(xx.min(), xx.max())
plt.ylim(yy.min(), yy.max())
plt.show()

分类结果如下图所示：效果很差（下一篇文章为神经网络的分类效果）