需求:模拟浏览器对网站进行登录操作
1 浏览器请求行为
在浏览器中进行登录时,录入完用户名、密码和验证码后,需要点击登录按钮。只有在点击登录按钮后,当前页面才会发起一次网络请求。该次网络请求可以通过抓包工具捕获。
经过抓包分析后,我们就可以模拟浏览器点击登陆按钮后发起的请求操作了。该请求为post请求,对应的url在上图中可以看到,切请求携带的参数也可以在抓到的数据包中获取。
参数分析:
- email:用户名
- password:密码
- icode:验证码(通过超级鹰识别)
- 剩下的参数不需要分析
2 编码
识别验证码图片内容函数封装
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from hashlib import md5
class Chaojiying_Client(object):
def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
self.username = username
password = password.encode('utf8')
self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
self.soft_id = soft_id
self.base_params = {
'user': self.username,
'pass2': self.password,
'softid': self.soft_id,
}
self.headers = {
'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
}
def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
"""
im: 图片字节
codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
"""
params = {
'codetype': codetype,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
def ReportError(self, im_id):
"""
im_id:报错题目的图片ID
"""
params = {
'id': im_id,
}
params.update(self.base_params)
r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
return r.json()
模拟登录代码:
# 2020-11-02 模拟网站网登录
# coding:utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
from CodeClass import Chaojiying_Client
if __name__ == '__main__':
# session = requests.session()
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.75 Safari/537.36'
}
url = 'https://passport.ganji.com/login.php?'
Login_Page = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text
# print(Login_Page)
tree = etree.HTML(Login_Page)
code_src = tree.xpath('//*[@class="label-imgcode"]/img/@src')[0]
code_img = requests.get(url=code_src,headers=headers).content
with open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:
fp.write(code_img)
print('保存成功!')
#超级鹰 进行验证码解析
chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('guofan','guo123123','90936')
im = open('./code.jpg','rb').read()
result = chaojiying.PostPic(im,1902)['pic_str']
print(result)
#模拟登录
URL='https://passport.ganji.com/login.php?callback=jQuery18204834108743095935_1604402081086'
data ={
'username': 'guofan009',
'password': 'guo123123',
'setcookie': '14',
'checkCode': result,
'next': '/ vip / index.php?_rid = 0.14280194423292',
'source': 'passport',
'__hash__': 'IjIGrKPcti4OfhYnoNACFLQ6YGmPMGs9d5M+LN2DiEeyOVDB66J7XO/l3lHol3sa',
}
response = requests.post(url=URL,params=data,headers=headers, allow_redirects=False)
print(response.status_code) #200状态码 请求成功
login_page_text = response.text
# print(login_page_text)s
with open('./Login.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(login_page_text)
print('登录成功!')
#爬取当前用的个人信息
# detail_url = 'http://www.ganji.com/vip/account/edit_userinfo.php?_rid=0.45347785209969826'
# datail_page_text = session.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text
# with open('./guofan.html','w',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
# fp.write(datail_page_text)
问题:状态码返回200 请求成功 但是爬取下来的页面是登陆页面,页面显示并没有登陆成功