指针和数组经典题目
首先需要把握以下几个概念:
- 在32位平台上,指针(地址)的大小总是4个字节
- sizeof(数组名),该数组名代表整个数组,计算的是整个数组的大小
- &数组名,该数组名也代表整个数组,取出的是整个数组的地址
- 除以上两种情况外,数组名表示的是首元素的地址
- 对二维数组来说,首元素是第一行元素
一维数组
int a[] = {1,2,3,4}; //4个元素,int类型4个字节
- printf("%d\n",sizeof(a)); // 16
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+0)); //地址4
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a)); //第一个元素int类型4
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1)); //地址4
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[1])); //int类型4字节
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a)); //指针4字节
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*&a)); //整个数组16字节
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a+1)); //地址4
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0])); //地址4
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1)); //地址4
字符数组
char arr[] = { ‘a’,‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘e’,‘f’ }; //该字符数组6个元素,char类型一个字节
- printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr)); //6
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr + 0)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr)); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1])); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr + 1)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0] + 1)); //4- printf("%d\n", strlen(arr)); //因为没有结束标识符‘\0’,输出是随机数
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr + 0)); //随机数
//printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr)); //报错
//printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1])); //报错
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr)); //随机数
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr + 1)); //随机数
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0] + 1)); //随机数
字符串(字符数组)
char arr[] = “abcdef”; //7个元素(包含结束标识符‘\0’,char类型1个字节)
- printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr)); //7
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr + 0)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr)); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1])); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr + 1)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0] + 1)); //4- printf("%d\n", strlen(arr)); //6
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr + 0)); //6
//printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr)); //报错
//printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1])); //报错
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr)); //6
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr + 1)); //随机数
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0] + 1));//5
字符串(指针)
char* p = “abcdef”; //指针,7个元素
- printf("%d\n", sizeof(p)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p + 1)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p)); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0])); //1
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p + 1)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0] + 1)); //4- printf("%d\n", strlen(p)); //6
printf("%d\n", strlen(p + 1)); //5
//printf("%d\n", strlen(*p)); //报错
//printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0])); //报错
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p)); //随机
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p + 1)); //随机
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0] + 1)); //5
二维数组
int a[3][4] = { 0 }; //12个int类型
- printf("%d\n", sizeof(a)); //48
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0][0])); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0])); //16
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[0] + 1)); //指针 4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(a[0] + 1))); //第一行第二个元素 4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a + 1)); //指针 4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(a + 1))); //16
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0] + 1)); //4
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*(&a[0] + 1))); //16
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*a)); //第一行 16
printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[3])); //越界,16