一、网络雏形:
二、实验要求:
- 全网用192.168.1.0/24进行IP地址分配
- R5作为DHCP服务器为PC分配地址
- R1-R4上均县备2个环回地址
- R4与R5之间正常走1000M,备份走100n
- 全网尽量负载均衡
- 减少路由表数量,并避免环路产生
- 全网可达
三、思路分析:
(1)IP地址规划:
第一步:我们要进行合理的 IP地址规划,其目的就是我们在配置路由项时,减少路由的产生,并且防止出现路由黑洞
分析:
- 题目要求每个路由器上要有两个环回接口,则可以先把这两个环回接口看成一个网段,在进行一分为二,防止产生路由黑洞;
- 把主干电路看成一个网段,再进行划分;则大致分为4个环回接口,一个主干电路,一共5个网段;
- 因需要5个网段,则应该网络位向主机位借3位,可以拿到8个网段,还剩3个网段进行后续的升级;
- 主干电路的 ip一般只有两个,则直接借位到第30位,就有且仅有两个可用 IP;
- 环回接口上可一分为二,便于汇总;
母网: 192.168.1.0/24-------192.168.00000001.00000000
主干电路:
192.168.00000001.000 00000 192.168.1.0/27
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 000 00 ---- 192.168.1.0/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 001 00 ---- 192.168.1.4/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 010 00 ---- 192.168.1.8/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 011 00 ---- 192.168.1.12/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 100 00 ---- 192.168.1.16/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 101 00 ---- 192.168.1.20/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 110 00 ---- 192.168.1.24/30
-----------------------------------------192.168.00000000.000 111 00 ---- 192.168.1.28/30
环回接口:
192.168.00000001.001 00000 192.168.1.32/27
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.32/28
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.48/28
192.168.00000001.010 00000 192.168.1.64/27
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.64/28
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.80/28
192.168.00000001.011 00000 192.168.1.96/27
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.96/28
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.112/28
192.168.00000001.100 00000 192.168.1.128/27
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.128/28
-------------------------------------------------192.168.1.144/28
DHCP服务的网段:
192.168.00000001.110 00000 192.168.1.192/27
网络可进行升级的IP:
192.168.00000001.101 00000 192.168.1.160/27
192.168.00000001.111 00000 192.168.1.224/27
(2)进行配置IP:
- 进入命令视图下配置即可,详细请浏览下方的配置信息;
- 配置路由器接口的 IP;
- 配置环回接口的 IP;
(3)配置路由项:
- 根据规划好的网段,添加相应的路由项,配置的时候要注意掩码、下一跳是否正确
- 如果碰到不易汇总的网段,可配置缺省路由,配置时要注意缺省路由的方向要相同,防止出现路由环路
- 如果有备份路由,设置路由的优先级即可
(4)配置空接口路由:
当某个网段突然消失的时候,再和缺省路由相遇,很可能会出现路由环路,设置空接口路由防环;
四、配置:
(一)主干道路的 IP添加:
(1)R1设备 IP地址的添加:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
(2)R2设备 IP地址的添加:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
(3)R3设备 IP地址的添加:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
(4)R4设备 IP地址的添加:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R4]interface g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
(5)R5设备 IP地址的添加:
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]interface g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.193 27
(二)环回接口的 IP添加:
(1)R1设备的环回接口:
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
(2)R2设备的环回接口:
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
[R2]interface LoopBack 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
(3)R3设备的环回接口:
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
[R3]interface LoopBack 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
(4)R4设备的环回接口:
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R4]interface LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
(5)R5设备的环回接口:
[R5]interface LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 28
[R5-LoopBack0]quit
[R5]interface LoopBack 1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
(三)配置路由项:
(1)R1设备的路由项:
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
(2)R2设备的路由项:
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
(3)R3设备的路由项:
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
(4)R4设备的路由项:
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
(5)R5设备的路由项:
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
(6)配置浮动静态路由做备份:
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61
(四)空接口路由配置:
(1)R1的空接口路由:
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
(2)R2的空接口路由:
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
(3)R3的空接口路由:
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
(4)R4的空接口路由:
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
(五)测试连通性:
用PC1主机 ping R1设备上的环回接口: