网络基础 --- 综合实验

【1】第一阶段 ：基础配置

1.进行拓扑设计和地址规划

192.168.1.0/24  （划分成三个子网，一个骨干，R1和R2需要两个子网）

192.168.1.0/26  （骨干）

192.168.1.0/30    
192.168.1.4/30  192.168.1.8/30 ...... 192.168.1.60/30

192.168.1.64/26    R1     192.168.1.64/27    192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.128/26   R2     192.168.1.128/27    192.168.1.160/27

192.168.1.192/26 

2.配置路由器接口的IP地址和子接口

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[r1]int g0/0/1.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]arp broadcast enable 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]ip add 192.168.1.65 27
[r1]int g0/0/1.2   
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dot1q termination vid 3
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]arp broadcast enable 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]ip add 192.168.1.97 27

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r2]int g0/0/2.1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.1]arp broadcast enable 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.1]ip add 192.168.1.129 27
[r2]int g0/0/2.2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.2]dot1q termination vid 3
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.2]arp broadcast enable 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.2]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 1.1.1.1 24

3.配置DHCP服务，创建池塘

[r1]ip pool v2
[r1-ip-pool-v2]network 192.168.1.64 mask 255.255.255.224
[r1-ip-pool-v2]gateway-list 192.168.1.65
[r1-ip-pool-v2]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[r1]ip pool v3
[r1-ip-pool-v3]network 192.168.1.96 mask 255.255.255.224
[r1-ip-pool-v3]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[r1-ip-pool-v3]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[r1]int g0/0/1.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]dhcp select global 
[r1]int g0/0/1.2
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dhcp select global 

[r2]ip pool v2
[r2-ip-pool-v2]network 192.168.1.128 mask 255.255.255.224
[r2-ip-pool-v2]gateway-list 192.168.1.129
[r2-ip-pool-v2]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[r2]ip pool v3
[r2-ip-pool-v3]network 192.168.1.160 mask 255.255.255.224
[r2-ip-pool-v3]gateway-list 192.168.1.161
[r2-ip-pool-v3]dns-list 114.114.114.114
[r2]int g0/0/2.1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.1]dhcp select global 
[r2]int g0/0/2.2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2.2]dhcp select global 

4.将交换机上的各个接口划分到对应的VLAN中 

[sw1]vlan batch 2 to 3
[sw1]port-group group-member e0/0/2 to e0/0/3
[sw1-port-group]port link-type access 
[sw1-port-group]port default vlan 2
[sw1]int e0/0/4
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 3

[sw2]vlan batch 2 to 3
[sw2]int e0/0/2
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[sw2]int e0/0/3
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3

5.配置trunk干道

[sw1]int e0/0/1
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

[sw2]int e0/0/1
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[sw2-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

6.为服务器手写IP地址

7.测试

 【2】第二阶段：划分区域

1.宣告

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.65 0.0.0.0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0 
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 
[r2-ospf-1]area 2
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.129 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.161 0.0.0.0

2.查看

（R1和R2之间建立了邻接关系） 

3.优化

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.192
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 2
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.192

（区域间汇总，将两个环回汇总成一个环回）

4.进一步优化（阻挡其发Hello包）

设置沉默接口

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]silent-interface g0/0/1.1
[r1-ospf-1]silent-interface g0/0/1.2
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]silent-interface g0/0/2.1
[r2-ospf-1]silent-interface g0/0/2.2

5.进行加密认证

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

6.开启 telnet 功能

[r1]aaa      
[r1-aaa]local-user wang password cipher 123456
[r1-aaa]local-user wang service-type telnet
[r1-aaa]local-user wang privilege level 15
[r1-aaa]q
[r1]user-interface vty 0 4
[r1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

通过DHCP获取IP，自动有个缺省路由

验证：

7.拒绝PC1对三个IP的 telnet 行为

[r1] acl 3000
[r1-acl-adv-3000]
[r1-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 192.168.1.92 0 destination 192.168.1.1 0 destination-port eq 23
[r1-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 192.168.1.92 0 destination 192.168.1.65 0 destination-port eq 23
[r1-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 192.168.1.92 0 destination 192.168.1.97 0 destination-port eq 23
[r1]int g0/0/1.1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000

验证：

【3】第三阶段：局域网访问广域网

1.构建缺省路由

[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always 

（为R1发缺省路由）

[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.1.1.2（为边界路由器R2手写缺省路由）

2.构建EASY NAT

[r2]acl 2000
[r2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r2-acl-basic-2000]q
[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

验证：
 

【4】第四阶段：通过域名访问HTTP

1.搭建服务器和client

2.端口映射

[r2]interface g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 80 inside 192.168.1.100 80
Warning:The port 80 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function failure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

3.验证

4.建立端口映射

[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.1 23
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function failure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y 

成功登录：

5.防环

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 26 NULL 0
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 26 null 0