【脚本语言系列】关于Python基础知识对象自省，你需要知道的事

如何使用对象自省(introspection)

通常使用Python内置函数来实现自省功能；
* dir(列出某个对象所拥有的属性和方法)

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
the_list = [12, 23, 34]
dir(the_list)

['__add__',
 '__class__',
 '__contains__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__delitem__',
 '__delslice__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__getitem__',
 '__getslice__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__iadd__',
 '__imul__',
 '__init__',
 '__iter__',
 '__le__',
 '__len__',
 '__lt__',
 '__mul__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__reversed__',
 '__rmul__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__setitem__',
 '__setslice__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 'append',
 'count',
 'extend',
 'index',
 'insert',
 'pop',
 'remove',
 'reverse',
 'sort']

• type（返回对象类型）

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
print type(3)
print type(3.0)
print type('')
print type([])
print type({})
print type(())
print type(dict)

<type 'int'>
<type 'float'>
<type 'str'>
<type 'list'>
<type 'dict'>
<type 'tuple'>
<type 'type'>

• id(返回类对象的唯一ID）

name = "AllenMoore"
print id(name)

<type 'int'>
<type 'float'>
<type 'str'>
<type 'list'>
<type 'dict'>
<type 'tuple'>
<type 'type'>
81580848

• inspect （获取活跃对象的信息）

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import inspect

print inspect.getmembers(str)

[('__add__', <slot wrapper '__add__' of 'str' objects>), ('__class__', <type 'type'>), ('__contains__', <slot wrapper '__contains__' of 'str' objects>), ('__delattr__', <slot wrapper '__delattr__' of 'object' objects>), ('__doc__', "str(object='') -> string\n\nReturn a nice string representation of the object.\nIf the argument is a string, the return value is the same object."), ('__eq__', <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'str' objects>), ('__format__', <method '__format__' of 'str' objects>), ('__ge__', <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'str' objects>), ('__getattribute__', <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'str' objects>), ('__getitem__', <slot wrapper '__getitem__' of 'str' objects>), ('__getnewargs__', <method '__getnewargs__' of 'str' objects>), ('__getslice__', <slot wrapper '__getslice__' of 'str' objects>), ('__gt__', <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'str' objects>), ('__hash__', <slot wrapper '__hash__' of 'str' objects>), ('__init__', <slot wrapper '__init__' of 'object' objects>), ('__le__', <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'str' objects>), ('__len__', <slot wrapper '__len__' of 'str' objects>), ('__lt__', <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'str' objects>), ('__mod__', <slot wrapper '__mod__' of 'str' objects>), ('__mul__', <slot wrapper '__mul__' of 'str' objects>), ('__ne__', <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'str' objects>), ('__new__', <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x000000006F6E87C0>), ('__reduce__', <method '__reduce__' of 'object' objects>), ('__reduce_ex__', <method '__reduce_ex__' of 'object' objects>), ('__repr__', <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'str' objects>), ('__rmod__', <slot wrapper '__rmod__' of 'str' objects>), ('__rmul__', <slot wrapper '__rmul__' of 'str' objects>), ('__setattr__', <slot wrapper '__setattr__' of 'object' objects>), ('__sizeof__', <method '__sizeof__' of 'str' objects>), ('__str__', <slot wrapper '__str__' of 'str' objects>), ('__subclasshook__', <built-in method __subclasshook__ of type object at 0x000000006F6E87C0>), ('_formatter_field_name_split', <method '_formatter_field_name_split' of 'str' objects>), ('_formatter_parser', <method '_formatter_parser' of 'str' objects>), ('capitalize', <method 'capitalize' of 'str' objects>), ('center', <method 'center' of 'str' objects>), ('count', <method 'count' of 'str' objects>), ('decode', <method 'decode' of 'str' objects>), ('encode', <method 'encode' of 'str' objects>), ('endswith', <method 'endswith' of 'str' objects>), ('expandtabs', <method 'expandtabs' of 'str' objects>), ('find', <method 'find' of 'str' objects>), ('format', <method 'format' of 'str' objects>), ('index', <method 'index' of 'str' objects>), ('isalnum', <method 'isalnum' of 'str' objects>), ('isalpha', <method 'isalpha' of 'str' objects>), ('isdigit', <method 'isdigit' of 'str' objects>), ('islower', <method 'islower' of 'str' objects>), ('isspace', <method 'isspace' of 'str' objects>), ('istitle', <method 'istitle' of 'str' objects>), ('isupper', <method 'isupper' of 'str' objects>), ('join', <method 'join' of 'str' objects>), ('ljust', <method 'ljust' of 'str' objects>), ('lower', <method 'lower' of 'str' objects>), ('lstrip', <method 'lstrip' of 'str' objects>), ('partition', <method 'partition' of 'str' objects>), ('replace', <method 'replace' of 'str' objects>), ('rfind', <method 'rfind' of 'str' objects>), ('rindex', <method 'rindex' of 'str' objects>), ('rjust', <method 'rjust' of 'str' objects>), ('rpartition', <method 'rpartition' of 'str' objects>), ('rsplit', <method 'rsplit' of 'str' objects>), ('rstrip', <method 'rstrip' of 'str' objects>), ('split', <method 'split' of 'str' objects>), ('splitlines', <method 'splitlines' of 'str' objects>), ('startswith', <method 'startswith' of 'str' objects>), ('strip', <method 'strip' of 'str' objects>), ('swapcase', <method 'swapcase' of 'str' objects>), ('title', <method 'title' of 'str' objects>), ('translate', <method 'translate' of 'str' objects>), ('upper', <method 'upper' of 'str' objects>), ('zfill', <method 'zfill' of 'str' objects>)]

什么是对象自省(introspection)

程序运行过程中用于判断某个对象的类型的功能；

为何使用对象自省(introspection)

有助于调查某个对象的