linux 大文件分隔和合并操作

目录

背景

大文件如何进行数据拆分合并？

split命令

合并-cat命令

split和cat命令格式

小结

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背景

linux 不玩不知道，一玩吓一跳，如果会一些小命令，shell什么的，那你工作过程中会节省很多时间哦。

上次碰到了需要拆分文件的需求，本来打算写java或者python脚本分一下呢，还得用IO流，还得写代码，后来发现了一个好方法，，那就是直接通过linux里面的命令来进行操作，真尼玛爽，用着...   分享一下文件拆分和合并的操作...

大文件如何进行数据拆分合并？

split命令

可以指定按行数分割和按字节大小分割两种模式。

(1) 按行数分割

# -l 按行数分隔，300 表示行数， 所需拆分的文件 ，拆分后的文件前缀名
split -l 300 large_file.txt new_file_prefix

加上-d，使用数字后缀；加上--verbose，显示分割进度：（必须是linux，Mac不支持哦）

split -l 50000 -d large_file.txt part_ --verbose

(2) 按字节大小分割

 split -b 10m large_file.log new_file_prefix

合并-cat命令

cat part_* > merge_file.txt

split和cat命令格式

$ split --h
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --suffix-length=N   generate suffixes of length N (default 2)            后缀名称的长度 (默认为2) 
      --additional-suffix=SUFFIX  append an additional SUFFIX to file names
  -b, --bytes=SIZE        put SIZE bytes per output file                       每个输出文件的字节大小
  -C, --line-bytes=SIZE   put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file    每个输出文件每行的最大字节大小
  -d                      use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic   使用数字后缀代替字母后缀
      --numeric-suffixes[=FROM]  same as -d, but allow setting the start value
  -e, --elide-empty-files  do not generate empty output files with '-n'        不产生空的输出文件
      --filter=COMMAND    write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE           写入到shell命令行
  -l, --lines=NUMBER      put NUMBER lines/records per output file             设定每个输出文件的行数，默认行数是1000行
  -n, --number=CHUNKS     generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below  产生chunks文件
  -t, --separator=SEP     use SEP instead of newline as the record separator;  使用新字符分割
                            '\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
  -u, --unbuffered        immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...'     无需缓存
      --verbose           print a diagnostic just before each                  显示分割进度
                            output file is opened
      --help     display this help and exit                                    显示帮助信息
      --version  output version information and exit                           显示版本信息

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

CHUNKS may be:
  N       split into N files based on size of input
  K/N     output Kth of N to stdout
  l/N     split into N files without splitting lines/records
  l/K/N   output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
  r/N     like 'l' but use round robin distribution
  r/K/N   likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'

$ cat --h
Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

  -A, --show-all           equivalent to -vET
  -b, --number-nonblank    number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
  -e                       equivalent to -vE
  -E, --show-ends          display $ at end of each line
  -n, --number             number all output lines
  -s, --squeeze-blank      suppress repeated empty output lines
  -t                       equivalent to -vT
  -T, --show-tabs          display TAB characters as ^I
  -u                       (ignored)
  -v, --show-nonprinting   use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

Examples:
  cat f - g  Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
  cat        Copy standard input to standard output.

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'

小结

         使用文件拆分为了干什么呢？我的场景是为了提高数据传输速率，需要用到文件的拆分，感觉linux命令好强哦，一行代码搞定了别的语言需要好多行代码，好玩不？ 在大数据领域内，文件拆分合并还是比较常见的哦~

         你学会了吗？