这是一篇关于使用树形动态规划（DP）解决策略游戏问题的文章。具体场景是防守一个由节点和边组成的中世纪城市，目标是在最少的士兵数量下，确保所有道路都能被监视。文章提供了一个例子，并描述了如何通过树形DP算法找到所需的最小士兵数。输入数据包括树的节点和边信息，输出是所需最小士兵数。文章还解释了树形DP的状态转移方程，以及如何根据节点类型（叶节点或非叶节点）进行状态更新。
题目：POJ 1463
Description
Bob enjoys playing computer games, especially strategic games, but sometimes he cannot find the solution fast enough and then he is very sad. Now he has the following problem. He must defend a medieval city, the roads of which form a tree. He has to put the minimum number of soldiers on the nodes so that they can observe all the edges. Can you help him?
Your program should find the minimum number of soldiers that Bob has to put for a given tree.
For example for the tree:
the solution is one soldier ( at the node 1).
Input
The input contains several data sets in text format. Each data set represents a tree with the following description:
- the number of nodes
- the description of each node in the following format
node_identifier:(
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