一. 重叠IO模型简介
重叠IO的核心实际上就是一个重叠的数据结构。应用程序在单个套接字上投递一个或者多个IO操作,当IO操作完成时对应的重叠数据结构中的事件对象会受信,相应的应用程序通过查事件对象可以得到通知。就这样,通过重叠的数据结构将异步的IO和程序连接起来了。
重叠数据结构:
typedef struct _OVERLAPPED{
DWORD Internal;
DWORD InternalHigh;
DWORD Offset;
DWORD OffsetHigh;
HANDLE hEvent; //核心的参数,这个就是连接异步IO和应用程序的桥梁
}OVERLAPPED, *LPOVERLAPPED;
二.重叠IO模型的优点
1.可以运行在支持winsock2的所有windows平台上(IOCP只能运行在NT平台上)
2.比起阻塞,select,WSAAsyncSelect以及WSAEventSelect等模型提供了更好的系统级性能。
3.使用重叠模型的应用程序通知缓冲区收发系统直接使用数据,也就是说,如果应用程序投递了一个10KB大小的缓冲区来接收数据,且数据已经到达套接字,则该数据直接 被拷贝到投递的缓冲区。(这一点和以上四种模型是截然不同的)
三。重叠IO机制的基本步骤
1.要使用重叠数据结构我们就要使用新的IO函数(也就是send,recv,sendto,recvfrom要被WSASend(),WSARecv(),WSASendto(),WSARecvfrom(),WSAAccept()代替)。
2.将WINDOWS事件对象与重叠数据结构相关联
3.使用1中说的函数在套接字上投递IO请求
4.不断的查询与重叠数据结构关联在一起的事件对象
5.获得IO结果,处理结果。
四。废话少说直接上代码
注意:这里是一份单线程的代码,所以它做多同时支持64个socket连接,如需更多的连接请采用线程池。
#include "initsock.h"
#include <Mswsock.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include <windows.h>
CInitSock theSock; //主要用来初始化socket库
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
//这里是与套接字相关的信息
typedef struct _SOCKET_OBJ
{
SOCKET s;
int nOutstandingOps; //此套接字上重叠IO的数量
LPFN_ACCEPTEX lpfnAcceptEx; //AcceptEx()函数的指针(仅对于监听套接字而言)
}SOCKET_OBJ,*PSOCKET_OBJ;
typedef struct _BUFFER_OBJ
{
OVERLAPPED ol; //重叠的数据结构
char* buff; //投递IO请求时使用的缓冲区结构
int nLen; //缓冲区结构的长度
PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket; //SOCKET结构
int nOperation; //提交的操作类型
#define OP_ACCEPT 1
#define OP_READ 2
#define OP_WRITE 3
SOCKET sAccept; //客户端套接字,仅对于监听套接字而言
_BUFFER_OBJ *pNext;
}BUFFER_OBJ,*PBUFFER_OBJ;
HANDLE g_events[WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS];
int g_nBufferCount;
PBUFFER_OBJ g_pBufferHead,g_pBufferTail;
//申请套接字结构
PSOCKET_OBJ GetSocketObj(SOCKET s)
{
PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket=(PSOCKET_OBJ)::GlobalAlloc(GPTR,sizeof(SOCKET_OBJ));
if(pSocket!=NULL)
pSocket->s=s;
return pSocket;
}
void FreeSocketObj(PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket)
{
if(pSocket->s!=INVALID_SOCKET)
::closesocket(pSocket->s);
::GlobalFree(pSocket);
}
PBUFFER_OBJ GetBufferObj(PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket,ULONG nLen)
{
if(g_nBufferCount>WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS-1)
return NULL;
PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer=(PBUFFER_OBJ)::GlobalAlloc(GPTR,sizeof(BUFFER_OBJ));
if(pBuffer!=NULL)
{
pBuffer->buff=(char*)::GlobalAlloc(GPTR,nLen);
pBuffer->ol.hEvent=WSACreateEvent();
pBuffer->pSocket=pSocket;
pBuffer->sAccept=INVALID_SOCKET;
if(g_pBufferHead==NULL)
{
g_pBufferHead=g_pBufferTail=pBuffer;
}
else
{
g_pBufferTail->pNext=pBuffer;
g_pBufferTail=pBuffer;
}
g_events[++g_nBufferCount]=pBuffer->ol.hEvent;
}
return pBuffer;
}
void FreeBufferObj(PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer)
{
PBUFFER_OBJ pTest=g_pBufferHead;
BOOL bFind=FALSE;
if(pTest==pBuffer) //这边难道不会造成内存泄露吗?
{
g_pBufferHead=g_pBufferTail=NULL;
bFind=TRUE;
}
else
{
while(pTest!=NULL&&pTest->pNext!=pBuffer)
{
pTest=pTest->pNext;
}
if(pTest!=NULL)
{
pTest->pNext=pBuffer->pNext;
if(pTest->pNext==NULL)
g_pBufferTail=pTest;
bFind=TRUE;
}
}
if(bFind)
{
g_nBufferCount--;
::CloseHandle(pBuffer->ol.hEvent);
::GlobalFree(pBuffer->buff);
::GlobalFree(pBuffer);
}
}
void RebuildArray()
{
PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer = g_pBufferHead;
int i = 1;
while(pBuffer != NULL)
{
g_events[i++] = pBuffer->ol.hEvent;
pBuffer = pBuffer->pNext;
}
}
PBUFFER_OBJ FindBufferObj(HANDLE hEvent)
{
PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer=g_pBufferHead;
while(pBuffer!=NULL)
{
if(pBuffer->ol.hEvent==hEvent)
break;
pBuffer=pBuffer->pNext;
}
return pBuffer;
}
/*
后面有对AcceptEx这个函数进行说明
*/
BOOL PostAccept(PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer)
{
PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket=pBuffer->pSocket;
if(pSocket->lpfnAcceptEx!=NULL)
{
pBuffer->nOperation=OP_ACCEPT;
pSocket->nOutstandingOps++;
//投递此IO请求
DWORD dwBytes;
pBuffer->sAccept=::WSASocket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0,NULL,0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
//注意:AcceptEx()如果提供了第四个参数,则这个函数会一直等到得到第一块数据才会返回。
BOOL b=pSocket->lpfnAcceptEx(pSocket->s,pBuffer->sAccept,pBuffer->buff,BUFFER_SIZE-((sizeof(sockaddr_in)+16)*2),sizeof(sockaddr_in)+16,
sizeof(sockaddr_in)+16,&dwBytes,&pBuffer->ol);
if(!b)
{
if(::WSAGetLastError()!=WSA_IO_PENDING)
return false;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
BOOL PostRecv(PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer)
{
pBuffer->nOperation=OP_READ;
pBuffer->pSocket->nOutstandingOps++;
DWORD dwBytes;
DWORD dwFlags=0;
WSABUF buf;
buf.buf=pBuffer->buff;
buf.len=pBuffer->nLen;
if(::WSARecv(pBuffer->pSocket->s,&buf,1,&dwBytes,&dwFlags,&pBuffer->ol,NULL)!=NO_ERROR)
{
if(::WSAGetLastError()!=WSA_IO_PENDING)
return false;
}
return true;
}
BOOL PostSend(PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer)
{
pBuffer->nOperation=OP_WRITE;
pBuffer->pSocket->nOutstandingOps++;
DWORD dwBytes;
DWORD dwFlags=0;
WSABUF buf;
buf.buf=pBuffer->buff;
buf.len=pBuffer->nLen;
if(::WSASend(pBuffer->pSocket->s,&buf,1,&dwBytes,dwFlags,&pBuffer->ol,NULL)!=NO_ERROR)
{
if(::WSAGetLastError()!=WSA_IO_PENDING)
return false;
}
return true;
}
//最重要的函数:IO处理函数
BOOL HandleIO(PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer)
{
PSOCKET_OBJ pSocket=pBuffer->pSocket;
pSocket->nOutstandingOps--;
DWORD dwTrans;
DWORD dwFlags;
BOOL Ret=::WSAGetOverlappedResult(pBuffer->pSocket->s,&pBuffer->ol,&dwTrans,FALSE,&dwFlags);
if(!Ret)
{
if(pSocket->s!=INVALID_SOCKET)
{
::closesocket(pSocket->s);
pSocket->s=INVALID_SOCKET;
}
if(pSocket->nOutstandingOps==0)
FreeSocketObj(pSocket);
FreeBufferObj(pBuffer);
return FALSE;
}
switch(pBuffer->nOperation)
{
case OP_ACCEPT:
{
PSOCKET_OBJ pClient=GetSocketObj(pBuffer->sAccept);
PBUFFER_OBJ pSend=GetBufferObj(pClient,BUFFER_SIZE);
if(pSend==NULL)
{
printf("Too much connections!");
FreeSocketObj(pClient);
return FALSE;
}
RebuildArray();
pSend->nLen=dwTrans;
memcpy(pSend->buff,pBuffer->buff,dwTrans);
if(!PostSend(pSend))
{
FreeSocketObj(pClient);
FreeBufferObj(pSend);
return FALSE;
}
PostAccept(pBuffer);
}
break;
case OP_READ:
if(dwTrans>0)
{
PBUFFER_OBJ pSend=pBuffer;
pBuffer->nLen=dwTrans;
PostSend(pSend);
}
else
{
if(pSocket->s!=INVALID_SOCKET)
{
::closesocket(pSocket->s);
pSocket->s=INVALID_SOCKET;
}
if(pSocket->nOutstandingOps==0)
FreeSocketObj(pSocket);
FreeBufferObj(pBuffer);
return FALSE;
}
break;
case OP_WRITE:
if(dwTrans>0)
{
pBuffer->nLen=BUFFER_SIZE;
PostRecv(pBuffer);
}
else
{
if(pSocket->s!=INVALID_SOCKET)
{
::closesocket(pSocket->s);
pSocket->s=INVALID_SOCKET;
}
if(pSocket->nOutstandingOps==0)
FreeSocketObj(pSocket);
FreeBufferObj(pBuffer);
return FALSE;
}
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
void main()
{
// 创建监听套节字,绑定到本地端口,进入监听模式
int nPort = 4567;
SOCKET sListen =
::WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
SOCKADDR_IN si;
si.sin_family = AF_INET;
si.sin_port = ::ntohs(nPort);
si.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;
::bind(sListen, (sockaddr*)&si, sizeof(si));
::listen(sListen, 200);
// 为监听套节字创建一个SOCKET_OBJ对象
PSOCKET_OBJ pListen = GetSocketObj(sListen);
// 加载扩展函数AcceptEx
GUID GuidAcceptEx = WSAID_ACCEPTEX;
DWORD dwBytes;
WSAIoctl(pListen->s,
SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
&GuidAcceptEx,
sizeof(GuidAcceptEx),
&pListen->lpfnAcceptEx,
sizeof(pListen->lpfnAcceptEx),
&dwBytes,
NULL,
NULL);
// 创建用来重新建立g_events数组的事件对象
g_events[0] = ::WSACreateEvent();
// 在此可以投递多个接受I/O请求
for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
PostAccept(GetBufferObj(pListen, BUFFER_SIZE));
}
::WSASetEvent(g_events[0]);
while(TRUE)
{
int nIndex =
::WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(g_nBufferCount + 1, g_events, FALSE, WSA_INFINITE, FALSE);
if(nIndex == WSA_WAIT_FAILED)
{
printf("WSAWaitForMultipleEvents() failed \n");
break;
}
nIndex = nIndex - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0;
for(int i=0; i<=nIndex; i++)
{
int nRet = ::WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1, &g_events[i], TRUE, 0, FALSE);
if(nRet == WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
continue;
else
{
::WSAResetEvent(g_events[i]);
// 重新建立g_events数组
if(i == 0)
{
RebuildArray();
continue;
}
// 处理这个I/O
PBUFFER_OBJ pBuffer = FindBufferObj(g_events[i]);
if(pBuffer != NULL)
{
if(!HandleIO(pBuffer))
RebuildArray();
}
}
}
}
}