Python高阶专题：序列类型之特殊序列类型的协议（+，+=，extend的区别以及可切片序列）

No.序列类型的特定协议

1. 序列操作中+，+=，extend的区别

1.1 + 操作与 +=的区别

1.1.1 +操作

sequence = [1,2,3]
sequence = sequence + [4,5,6]
print(sequence) 
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
sequence = [1,2,3]
sequence = sequence + (4,5,6)
#Traceback (most recent call last):File #"D:/WeChatHandler/sequenceHandler.py", line 57, in <module>
#sequence = sequence + (4,5,6)
#TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "tuple") to list

1.1.2 +=操作

sequence = [1,2,3]
sequence += [4,5,6]
print(sequence) 
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
sequence = [1,2,3]
sequence += (4,5,6)
print(sequence) 
#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

原因解析

+= 操作实际上是实现 “iadd” 协议，该协议调用了extend方法，将传入的可迭代对象的只遍历之后调用append方法添加到原序列

 def __iadd__(self, values):
            self.extend(values)
            return self
 def extend(self, values): #values ：可迭代序列
        for v in values:
            self.append(v)

2. 可切片序列的原理

只要对象中实现了__getitem__协议那么就可以实现切片的操作，本质就是向__getitem__中传递了slice对象,并返回一个列表

class HasSlice :
    def __init__(self, sequence):
        self._sequence = sequence
    def __getitem__(self, item): 
        return self._sequence[item]
s = HasSlice([1,2,3,4])
s[:2]

2.2 同时实现切片与返回指定值

from numbers import Integral
class Isslice :
    def __init__(self,sequence):
        self._sequence = sequence
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        cls = type(self)  #利用元类创建一个新的类
        if isinstance(cls,slice) :
            return cls(self._sequence[item])
        if isinstance(cls,Integral) :
            return cls([self._sequence[item]])