x264的preset和tune

x264的preset和tune

preset

preset是x264中最重要的选项，它影响编码性能和编码速度，它由不是一个单一的参数，而是由一组参数构成。preset分为下面几种类型：

static const char * const x264_preset_names[] = { 
"ultrafast", "superfast", "veryfast", 
"faster", "fast", "medium", "slow", 
"slower", "veryslow", "placebo", 0 
};

从左到右，编码速度越来越慢，编码质量越来越好，其中placebo不建议使用，没有太大意义，对视频的质量要求很严格时才使用veryslow，ultrafast产生的视频可能会非常大，使用前也需要仔细思考

x264设置preset

static int x264_param_apply_preset( x264_param_t *param, const char *preset )
{
    char *end;
    int i = strtol( preset, &end, 10 );
    if( *end == 0 && i >= 0 && i < sizeof(x264_preset_names)/sizeof(*x264_preset_names)-1 )
        preset = x264_preset_names[i];

    /*
     * 下面的这些参数设置会对编码质量和编码速度造成极大影响，因此，优化时首先考虑优化下面的参数
     */

    /* 极快（最快）
     */
    if( !strcasecmp( preset, "ultrafast" ) )
    {
        /* 参考帧数量设置为1
         */
        param->i_frame_reference = 1;
        /* 场景切换设置阈值
         */
        param->i_scenecut_threshold = 0;
        /* 不进行去方块滤波
         */
        param->b_deblocking_filter = 0;
        /* 不使用cabac
         */
        param->b_cabac = 0;
        /* 没有B帧
         */
        param->i_bframe = 0;
        /* 设置intra划分的partition，这里应该是不进行划分，只使用16x16
         */
        param->analyse.intra = 0;
        /* 设置inter划分的partition，这里应该是不进行划分，只使用16x16
         */
        param->analyse.inter = 0;
        /* 不使用8x8的的DCT变换
         */
        param->analyse.b_transform_8x8 = 0;
        /* 运动估计：DIA
         */
        param->analyse.i_me_method = X264_ME_DIA;
        /* 亚像素运动估计精度：0,表示只进行整像素运动估计
         */
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 0;
        /* 关闭自适应量化
         */
        param->rc.i_aq_mode = 0;
        /* 禁止每个宏块的分区拥有自己的参考编号
         */
        param->analyse.b_mixed_references = 0;
        /* 不使用trellis优化
         */
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 0;
        /* 自适应B帧判断的概率（从-100到100）
         */
        param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_NONE;
        /* 不使用mbtree
         */
        param->rc.b_mb_tree = 0;
        /* 权重预测中，P帧的权值
         */
        param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_NONE;
        /* 显式的B帧权重预测
         */
        param->analyse.b_weighted_bipred = 0;
        /* mbtree前向预测的帧的数量
         */
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 0;
    }
    /* 超级快
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "superfast" ) )
    {
        /* inter划分：4x4和8x8
         */
        param->analyse.inter = X264_ANALYSE_I8x8|X264_ANALYSE_I4x4;
        /* 运动估计：DIA
         */
        param->analyse.i_me_method = X264_ME_DIA;
        /* 亚像素运动估计精度
         */
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 1;
        /* 参考帧数量：1
         */
        param->i_frame_reference = 1;
        /* 不允许每个宏块的分区有自己的参考编号
         */
        param->analyse.b_mixed_references = 0;
        /* 关闭trellis优化
         */
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 0;
        /* 关闭mbtree
         */
        param->rc.b_mb_tree = 0;
        /* P帧的权值
         */
        param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE;
        /* mbtree向前预测的帧数：0
         */
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 0;
    }
    /* 非常快
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "veryfast" ) )
    {
        /* 亚像素运动估计精度
         */
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 2;
        /* 参考帧数量：1
         */
        param->i_frame_reference = 1;
        /* 不允许每个宏块的分区有自己的参考编号
         */
        param->analyse.b_mixed_references = 0;
        /* 关闭trellis优化
         */
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 0;
        /* P帧的权值
         */
        param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE;
        /* mbtree向前预测的帧数：10
         */
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 10;
    }
    /* 很快
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "faster" ) )
    {
        /* 不允许每个宏块的分区有自己的参考编号
         */
        param->analyse.b_mixed_references = 0;
        /* 参考帧数量：2
         */
        param->i_frame_reference = 2;
        /* 亚像素运动估计精度
         */
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 4;
        /* P帧的权值
         */
        param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE;
        /* mbtree向前预测的帧数：20
         */
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 20;
    }
    /* 快
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "fast" ) )
    {
        /* 参考帧数量：2
         */
        param->i_frame_reference = 2;
        /* 亚像素运动估计精度
         */
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 6;
        /* P帧的权值
         */
        param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE;
        /* mbtree向前预测的帧数：30
         */
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 30;
    }
    /* 正常：在速度与质量之间平衡
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "medium" ) )
    {
        // 使用默认的参数
        /* Default is medium */
    }
    /* 慢
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "slow" ) )
    {
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 8;
        param->i_frame_reference = 5;
        param->analyse.i_direct_mv_pred = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO;
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 2;
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 50;
    }
    /* 很慢
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "slower" ) )
    {
        param->analyse.i_me_method = X264_ME_UMH;
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 9;
        param->i_frame_reference = 8;
        param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS;
        param->analyse.i_direct_mv_pred = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO;
        param->analyse.inter |= X264_ANALYSE_PSUB8x8;
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 2;
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 60;
    }
    /* 非常慢
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "veryslow" ) )
    {
        param->analyse.i_me_method = X264_ME_UMH;
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 10;
        param->analyse.i_me_range = 24;
        param->i_frame_reference = 16;
        param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS;
        param->analyse.i_direct_mv_pred = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO;
        param->analyse.inter |= X264_ANALYSE_PSUB8x8;
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 2;
        param->i_bframe = 8;
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 60;
    }
    /* 极慢
     */
    else if( !strcasecmp( preset, "placebo" ) )
    {
        param->analyse.i_me_method = X264_ME_TESA;
        param->analyse.i_subpel_refine = 11;
        param->analyse.i_me_range = 24;
        param->i_frame_reference = 16;
        param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS;
        param->analyse.i_direct_mv_pred = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO;
        param->analyse.inter |= X264_ANALYSE_PSUB8x8;
        param->analyse.b_fast_pskip = 0;
        param->analyse.i_trellis = 2;
        param->i_bframe = 16;
        param->rc.i_lookahead = 60;
    }
    else
    {
        x264_log( NULL, X264_LOG_ERROR, "invalid preset '%s'\n", preset );
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

tune

tune是x264中重要性仅次于preset的选项，它是视觉优化的参数，tune可以理解为视频偏好（或者视频类型），tune不是一个单一的参数，而是由一组参数构成。tune分为下面几种类型：

static const char * const x264_tune_names[] = { 
"film", "animation", "grain", 
"stillimage", "psnr", "ssim", 
"fastdecode", "zerolatency", 0 };

film：电影类型，对视频的质量非常严格时使用该选项
animation：动画片，压缩的视频是动画片时使用该选项
grain：颗粒物很重，该选项适用于颗粒感很重的视频
stillimage：静态图像，该选项主要用于静止画面比较多的视频
psnr：提高psnr，该选项编码出来的视频psnr比较高
ssim：提高ssim，该选项编码出来的视频ssim比较高
fastdecode：快速解码，该选项有利于快速解码
zerolatency：零延迟，该选项主要用于视频直播

x264设置tune

static int x264_param_apply_tune( x264_param_t *param, const char *tune )
{
    char *tmp = x264_malloc( strlen( tune ) + 1 );
    if( !tmp )
        return -1;
    tmp = strcpy( tmp, tune );
    char *s = strtok( tmp, ",./-+" );
    int psy_tuning_used = 0;
    /* 下面的参数设置，主要影响去方块滤波的参数和量化参数
     */
    while( s )
    {
        /* 电影，侧重于质量和细节
         */
        if( !strncasecmp( s, "film", 4 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_alphac0 = -1;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_beta = -1;
            param->analyse.f_psy_trellis = 0.15;
        }
        /* 动画
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "animation", 9 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->i_frame_reference = param->i_frame_reference > 1 ? param->i_frame_reference*2 : 1;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_alphac0 = 1;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_beta = 1;
            param->analyse.f_psy_rd = 0.4;
            param->rc.f_aq_strength = 0.6;
            param->i_bframe += 2;
        }
        /* 纹理，侧重与细节
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "grain", 5 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            /* 去方块滤波的参数
             */
            param->i_deblocking_filter_alphac0 = -2;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_beta = -2;
            /* Psy Trellis强度
             */
            param->analyse.f_psy_trellis = 0.25;
            /* P帧变换系数阈值
             */
            param->analyse.b_dct_decimate = 0;
            /* P帧和B帧之间的量化因子（QP）比值
             */
            param->rc.f_pb_factor = 1.1;
            /* I帧和P帧之间的量化因子（QP）比值
             */
            param->rc.f_ip_factor = 1.1;
            /* 自适应量化的强度，减少平趟和纹理区域的块效应和模糊度
             */
            param->rc.f_aq_strength = 0.5;
            /* 亮度量化中使用的盲区大小
             */
            param->analyse.i_luma_deadzone[0] = 6;
            param->analyse.i_luma_deadzone[1] = 6;
            /* 量化曲线压缩参数，会影响mbtree的强度，0.0表示恒定比特率，1.0表示恒定QP
             * 更高的值表示更弱的mbtree，qcomp=1.0时，mbtree=0
             */
            param->rc.f_qcompress = 0.8;
        }
        /* 图像，侧重于静止图像
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "stillimage", 10 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_alphac0 = -3;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_beta = -3;
            param->analyse.f_psy_rd = 2.0;
            param->analyse.f_psy_trellis = 0.7;
            param->rc.f_aq_strength = 1.2;
        }
        /* psnr，侧重于使用psnr来判断画面质量
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "psnr", 4 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->rc.i_aq_mode = X264_AQ_NONE;
            param->analyse.b_psy = 0;
        }
        /* ssim，侧重于使用ssim来判断画面质量
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "ssim", 4 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->rc.i_aq_mode = X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE;
            param->analyse.b_psy = 0;
        }
        /* 快速解码
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "fastdecode", 10 ) )
        {
            param->b_deblocking_filter = 0;
            param->b_cabac = 0;
            param->analyse.b_weighted_bipred = 0;
            param->analyse.i_weighted_pred = X264_WEIGHTP_NONE;
        }
        /* 零延迟，适合流媒体
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "zerolatency", 11 ) )
        {
            param->rc.i_lookahead = 0;
            param->i_sync_lookahead = 0;
            param->i_bframe = 0;
            param->b_sliced_threads = 1;
            param->b_vfr_input = 0;
            param->rc.b_mb_tree = 0;
        }
        /* touhou，按照翻译是“东方”，可能是中国的武打片或者印度的歌舞片
         */
        else if( !strncasecmp( s, "touhou", 6 ) )
        {
            if( psy_tuning_used++ ) goto psy_failure;
            param->i_frame_reference = param->i_frame_reference > 1 ? param->i_frame_reference*2 : 1;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_alphac0 = -1;
            param->i_deblocking_filter_beta = -1;
            param->analyse.f_psy_trellis = 0.2;
            param->rc.f_aq_strength = 1.3;
            if( param->analyse.inter & X264_ANALYSE_PSUB16x16 )
                param->analyse.inter |= X264_ANALYSE_PSUB8x8;
        }
        else
        {
            x264_log( NULL, X264_LOG_ERROR, "invalid tune '%s'\n", s );
            x264_free( tmp );
            return -1;
        }
        if( 0 )
        {
    psy_failure:
            x264_log( NULL, X264_LOG_WARNING, "only 1 psy tuning can be used: ignoring tune %s\n", s );
        }
        s = strtok( NULL, ",./-+" );
    }
    x264_free( tmp );
    return 0;
}