ESMAScritp 6 基础

一、ESMAScritp 6 基础

1.1 Constants

const PI = 3.141593
PI > 3.0

1.2 变量作用范围

for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
    let x = a[i]
    …
}
for (let i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
    let y = b[i]
    …
}

let callbacks = []
for (let i = 0; i <= 2; i++) {
    callbacks[i] = function () { return i * 2 }
}
callbacks[0]() === 0
callbacks[1]() === 2
callbacks[2]() === 4

1.3 函数作用范围

{
    function foo () { return 1 }
    foo() === 1
    {
        function foo () { return 2 }
        foo() === 2
    }
    foo() === 1
}

1.4 箭头函数:return简写

odds  = evens.map(v => v + 1)
pairs = evens.map(v => ({ even: v, odd: v + 1 }))
nums  = evens.map((v, i) => v + i)

相当于ECMAScript 5原有的写法：

odds  = evens.map(function (v) { return v + 1; });
pairs = evens.map(function (v) { return { even: v, odd: v + 1 }; });
nums  = evens.map(function (v, i) { return v + i; });

1.5 箭头函数:闭包语法(closure syntax)

nums.forEach(v => {
   if (v % 5 === 0)
       fives.push(v)
})

相当于ECMAScript 5原有的写法：

nums.forEach(function (v) {
   if (v % 5 === 0)
       fives.push(v);
});

1.6 箭头函数:当前上下文对象

this.nums.forEach((v) => {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v)
})

<=> ECMAScript 5写法：

//  variant 1
var self = this;
this.nums.forEach(function (v) {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        self.fives.push(v);
});

//  variant 2
this.nums.forEach(function (v) {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v);
}, this);

//  variant 3 (since ECMAScript 5.1 only)
this.nums.forEach(function (v) {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v);
}.bind(this));

1.7 参数默认值

function f (x, y = 7, z = 42) {
    return x + y + z
}
f(1) === 50

1.8 预留参数

function f (x, y, ...a) {
    return (x + y) * a.length
}
f(1, 2, "hello", true, 7) === 9

1.9 …的扩展操作

var params = [ "hello", true, 7 ]
var other = [ 1, 2, ...params ] // [ 1, 2, "hello", true, 7 ]

function f (x, y, ...a) {
    return (x + y) * a.length
}
f(1, 2, ...params) === 9

var str = "foo"
var chars = [ ...str ] // [ "f", "o", "o" ]

<=> ECMAScript 5写法：

var params = [ "hello", true, 7 ];
var other = [ 1, 2 ].concat(params); // [ 1, 2, "hello", true, 7 ]

function f (x, y) {
    var a = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
    return (x + y) * a.length;
};
f.apply(undefined, [ 1, 2 ].concat(params)) === 9;

var str = "foo";
var chars =