ListView知识点梳理(基础)
1.定义一个实类
主要包含一些属性,例如
private String name
private String imageId
public class Fruit {
private String name; //水果名称
private int imageId; //水果图片的id
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
this.name=name;
this.imageId=imageId;
}
}
2.为子项指定一个自定义的布局
例如:fruit_item.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
3.创建一个自定义的适配器,继承自ArrayAdapter,并指定泛型
- 重写父类的构造函数,用于将上下文、ListView的子项布局id和数据传递进来
- 重写getView()方法,该方法会在每个子项被滚到屏幕时被调用。
- 在该方法中,首先通过getItem(position)方法获得当前项的实体实例,然后使用LayoutInflater来为这个子项加载传入的布局,调用View的方法获取控件的实例,再用set方法来设置图片和文字,最后将布局view返回
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context, resource, objects);
resourceId=resource;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit= (Fruit) getItem(position);
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView==null){
view =LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
}else{
view=convertView;
viewHolder=(ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
4.MainActivity(Java类)
定义一个泛型指定为实体类的List,在onCreate()方法里创建自定义适配器的对象,并将该对象通过setAdapter()方法作为适配器传递给ListView
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruit(); //初始化数据
FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener(){
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
效果截图: