django小问题-命名空间

使用如下方式给子应用添加命名空间，出现问题：

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(('hello.urls'), namespace='hello')),
]

运行后，报错如下：

Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 973, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 910, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 118, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 419, in check
    all_issues = checks.run_checks(
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 76, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs, databases=databases)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 412, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 598, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 591, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/python/work/django_test/bookmanage02/bookmanage02/urls.py", line 21, in <module>
    path('', include(('hello.urls'), namespace='hello')),
  File "/home/python/.virtualenv/helloDjango/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/conf.py", line 38, in include
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name instead.

根据最后的报错信息，找到文件：conf.py。查看如下：

# 注意：include函数是两个参数：arg 和 namespace.
def include(arg, namespace=None):
    app_name = None
    if isinstance(arg, tuple):
        # Callable returning a namespace hint.
        try:
        	#注意：这里看出arg是一个元组，有两项内容，一个是子应用的路径（也就是“hello.urls”,）另一个就是app_name(也就是子应用的名字)
            urlconf_module, app_name = arg
        except ValueError:
            if namespace:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    'Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that '
                    'provides a namespace.'
                )
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                'Passing a %d-tuple to include() is not supported. Pass a '
                '2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, and '
                'provide the namespace argument to include() instead.' % len(arg)
            )
    else:
        # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace.
        urlconf_module = arg

    if isinstance(urlconf_module, str):
        urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
    app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, 'app_name', app_name)
    if namespace and not app_name:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(
            'Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name '
            'is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included '
            'module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and '
            'app_name instead.',
        )
    namespace = namespace or app_name
    # Make sure the patterns can be iterated through (without this, some
    # testcases will break).
    if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
        for url_pattern in patterns:
            pattern = getattr(url_pattern, 'pattern', None)
            if isinstance(pattern, LocalePrefixPattern):
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.'
                )
    return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)

从该函数中的：

        urlconf_module, app_name = arg

我们可以看出：

    	这里看出arg是一个元组，有两项内容：
    	一个是子应用的路径（也就是“hello.urls”,）。
    	另一个就是app_name(也就是子应用的名字)。

我们应该这样添加 namespace:

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(('hello.urls','hello'), namespace='hello')),
]