浅谈Python与C混合编程之Ctypes

Python Ctypes调用dll so动态库链接库

ctypes是python的一个函数库，提供和C语言兼容的数据类型，可以直接调用动态链接库中的导出函数。

本文基于的系统以及软件环境:
1.win 10
2.python-3.8.2-amd64解释器
3.PyCharm Community Edition 2020.1.1 x64
4.vs_community2019

Windwos动态库链接库

1._declspec(dllexport)
2.extern “C”
3.库在系统目录或当前目录执行
4.与python库查找路径无关sys.path

Windows dll程序

//typesdll.cpp
#include <stdio.h>

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestCtypes() {
	printf("In C TestCtypes fun\n");
}

python程序

from ctypes import *
import os

def test_ctypes():
    print('test_ctypes')
    print(os.getcwd())  # 显示当前路
    #导入库 注意windows 此处不用加.dll后缀名,直接写动态库名称即可，如下

    c_dll = CDLL(r".\\testCtypes") #Try using the full path with constructor syntax
    #c_dll = CDLL("D:\\Python_study\\python_c\\testCtypes")
    #c_dll = WinDLL("D:\\Python_study\\python_c\\testCtypes.dll")
    #调用方法 extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestCtypes()
    c_dll.TestCtypes()
    #FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'testCtypes' (or one of its dependencies).
    # OSError: [WinError 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。
    # 注意必须要版本匹配,如python 32bit匹配调用win32 dll,
    # 执行结果:
    #test_ctypes
	#D:\Python_study\python_c
	#In C TestCtypes fun

传递数值类型参数

Windows dll程序

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestNumber(int x ,float y,bool i_bool) {

	printf("In C TestNumber fun\n");
	printf("int x = [%d]\n",x);
	printf("float y = [%lf] \n",y);
	printf("bool ibnu = [%d]\n", i_bool);
}

Python程序

from ctypes import *

def TestNumber():
    print('TestNumber')
    #导入库 注意windows 此处不用加.dll后缀名,直接写动态库名称即可，如下

    c_dll = CDLL(r".\\testCtypes")
    try:
        #TestNumber error argument 2: <class 'TypeError'>: Don't know how to convert parameter 2
        #c_dll.TestNumber(101,123.56,True)
        c_dll.TestNumber(101, c_float(123.56), True)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('TestNumber error' ,ex)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    TestNumber()
    # TestNumber
    # In C TestNumber fun
    # int x = [101]
    # float y = [123.559998]
    # bool ibnu = [1]

传递字符串参数

string和byte

c_wchar_p() 和 c_char_p()

可修改字符串create_string_buffer

Windows dll程序

// char 类型 c_char_p
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestStringA(const char* str, int  size) {

	printf("In C TestStringA fun\n");
	printf("str = [%s] \n", str);
	printf("int size = [%d]\n", size);

}


// wchar_t 类型 c_wchar_p
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestStringW(const wchar_t* str, int  size) {

	printf("In C TestStringB fun\n");
	wprintf(L"str = [%ls] \n", str);
	printf("int size = [%d]\n", size);

}

// 如果在C语言中需要修改的时候可以采用
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void TestStringBuffer(char * str) {

	printf("In C TestStringBuffer fun\n");
	printf("old str = [%s]\n", str);
	memcpy(str,  "update str in C ",15);
	str[15] = '\0';
	//str[0] = '#';
	//str[1] = 'S';
	printf("new  str = [%s]\n",str);

}

Python程序

def test_String(str):
    print('test_String')
    #导入库 注意windows 此处不用加.dll后缀名,直接写动态库名称即可，如下

    c_dll = CDLL(r".\\testCtypes")
    try:

        c_dll.TestStringA(c_char_p(str),len(str))
    except Exception as ex:
        print('TestStringA error' ,ex)

def test_StringW(wstr):
    print('test_StringW')
    #导入库 注意windows 此处不用加.dll后缀名,直接写动态库名称即可，如下

    c_dll = CDLL(r".\\testCtypes")
    try:

        c_dll.TestStringW(c_wchar_p(wstr),len(wstr))
    except Exception as ex:
        print('TestStringW error' ,ex)

def test_String_Buffer(str):
    print('test_String_Buffer')
    #导入库 注意windows 此处不用加.dll后缀名,直接写动态库名称即可，如下

    c_dll = CDLL(r".\\testCtypes")
    try:

        buffer = create_string_buffer(str)
        c_dll.TestStringBuffer(buffer)

    except Exception as ex:
        print('test_String_Buffer error',ex)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # TestStringA error bytes or integer address expected instead of str instance
    # python必须为byte对象
    #test_String("Hello I am python char")

    #test_String(b"Hello I am python char")
    #test_String
    # In C TestStringA fun
    # str = [Hello I am python char]
    # int size = [22]

    #wstr = 'wstr is python wide string'
    #test_StringW(wstr)
    #test_StringW
    #In C TestStringB fun
    #s t r   =   [ w s t r   i s   p y t h o n   w i d e   s t r i n g ]
    # int size = [26]

    str = b'I am python str I am python str I am python str I am python str'
    test_String_Buffer(str)
    """
    test_String_Buffer
    In C TestStringBuffer fun
    old str = [I am python str I am python str I am python str I am python str]
    new  str = [update str in C]
    """