∂ a ∂ x = 0 \frac{\partial a}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=0\\ ∂x∂a=0
∂ x ∂ x = I \frac{\partial \boldsymbol x}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=I\\ ∂x∂x=I
∂ A x ∂ x = A T \frac{\partial A\boldsymbol x}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=A^T ∂x∂Ax=AT
∂ x T A ∂ x = A \frac{\partial \boldsymbol x^TA}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=A ∂x∂xTA=A
∂ x T A x ∂ x = ( A + A T ) x \frac{\partial \boldsymbol x^TA\boldsymbol x}{\partial\boldsymbol x}=(A+A^T)\boldsymbol x ∂x∂xTAx=(A+AT)x
∂ a T x ∂ x = ∂ x T a ∂ x = a \frac{\partial a^T\boldsymbol x}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=\frac{\partial \boldsymbol x^Ta}{\partial \boldsymbol x}=a ∂x∂aTx=∂x∂xTa=a