一、 关于LRU
LRU 即 Least Rencetly Used（最近最少使用）缓存替换策略。在任何LRU算法中，它必定有以下两个策略组成：
1、 退化 策略。根据访问情况，对节点按热度进行排序（hot->cold），以便决定哪些节点是热节点（hot）的，哪些节点是冷节点（cold）的。这个退化的策略，一般按以下两种方式去处理：
l 非集中式。即每命中一次就进行退化操作。
非集中式的退化操作，往往由双向链表的方式去实现。每次命中之后就移动命中节点在链表中的位置。（位置靠前的就是hot的数据）。当然，复杂的策略中，有用queue数组进行hot分级等。
l 集中式。定期去进行退化操作。
在集中式的退化操作，常用的策略是：每次命中之后，记录一个时间戳、定时器时间点等等参数。由一个线程去扫描，定期清除老数据。
2、 清除 策略。即去掉那些cold的数据。
l 替换。这个在操作系统缓存中应该是一个常用的做法。
l 删除。删除掉数据，以腾出空间放新的数据。（因为内存是有限的）
二、 ConcurrentHashMap与LinkedHashMap
在JAVA中，LRU的原生实现是JDK中LinkedHashMap。LinkedHashMap继承自HashMap
【实现原理】 简单说就是HashMap的每个节点做一个双向链表。每次访问这个节点，就把该节点移动到双向链表的头部。满了以后，就从链表的尾部删除。但是LinkedHashMap并是非线程安全（其实现中，双向链表的操作是没有任何线程安全的措施的）。
对于线程安全的HashMap，在JDK中有ConcurrentHashMap原生支持。
【实现原理】采用锁分离机制，把一个HashMap分成多个segement，对每个segement的写操作上锁。同时，他的get（）操作是没有锁的，具体思想就是把每个hash槽中的链表的头节点置成final的。对hash槽中链表操作，只能从头部去处理。这样就不会有读不一致的情况出现。这个原理，最好还是看源码，比较清晰。
三、 ConcurrentLRUHashMap的实现方式一：直接包装LinkedHashMap。
即，在LinkedHashMap外层全部加锁。
典型代码：
public V get(Object key) {
lock.lock();
try {
return super.get(key);
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
对LinkedHashMap做包装，所有访问都是带锁委托给LinkedHashMap。这样虽然解决了多线程安全问题。但是，是以严重的性能消耗为代价代价。
四、 ConcurrentLRUHashMap实现方式二：直接改造ConcurrentHashMap
该方案主要是重写ConcurrentHashMap。
1、 给每个Entry加一个timestamp。
2、 每次get命中的话，修改时间戳。
3、 定时统计整个map的总量，如果总量大于某个阈值，则deadline往后推。同时，在put的时候，检查hash槽里面每个节点的时间戳，如果已经过期，就删除掉过期节点。
上述做法，删除操作分布在每次put操作中。所以，删除效率比较高。但是，由于时间片不可控，最终将导致内存爆炸的情况出现。
请看下面一种场景：
横坐标表示一个时间片。面积表示这个时间片里面节点数量。
假定节点命中率为50%（命中后，更新到命中时刻的时间片），每个时间片写入10条新数据。
我们可以在运行过程中，每个时间片定义一个更新一次deadline。在put数据的时候，我们可以检查hash槽中Entry是否过期，如果已经过期，则删掉过期数据。
对于deadline的计算，我们可以设置三个阈值(a<b<c)
a) totalCount<a deadline不变
b) a<totalCount<b deadline=deadline+cycle
c) b<totalCount<c deadline=deadline+2*cycle
d) totalCount>c deadline=currentTime
上述看似非常优雅的方案，却隐藏几个严重的问题：
1、 时间片的选择问题。
这个方案中，时间片的选择是一个比较困难的问题。因为，如果系统在一个时间片之内爆掉内存的话，系统将直接崩溃。
当然，这个问题，我们可以加外部限制得方式去控制
2、 deadline 之前的数据，不能很快删除。导致deaddata滞留，浪费大量的内存
假定 deadline之前的数据，约为总数据量的10%。因为删数据操作，只在put的时候。假定每个时间点的put操作，能覆盖20%的hash槽。这个10%*20%=2%，每个时间点，只能删除2%的过期数据。然后，随着时间的推移。这个过程必将趋于稳定。而这个趋于稳定后，内存消耗，至少是capacity的4-5倍。这样的消耗和浪费。是难以承受的。
这个方案，从实际测试来看，情况非常糟糕。所以最终还是放弃了。
五、 ConcurrentLRUHashMap实现方式三:分段实现锁分离+每个段内维护一份退化链表
【实现策略】：
1、锁分离机制。内部分成了多个segement，每个segement是独立加锁，相互不干扰。
2、每个segement内部维护一个双向链表(退化链表)。每次命中/添加，就把节点移动到退化链表头部。
3、每次put操作，通过hash，散到每个segement中，判断segment的容量是否到达阈值。 如果到达阈值，则删除退化链表中最末尾的节点。
【实现】
1、重新定义HashEntry<K,V>
static class HashEntry<K, V> {/*** 键*/final K key;/*** hash值*/final int hash;/*** 值*/volatile V value;/*** hash链指针*/final HashEntry<K, V> next;/*** 双向链表的下一个节点*/HashEntry<K, V> linknext;/*** 双向链表的下一个节点*/HashEntry<K, V> linkpref;/*** 死亡标记*/AtomicBoolean dead;}
2、定义segment
static final class Segment<K, V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; transient int threshold; transient volatile int count; transient int modCount; transient volatile HashEntry<K, V>[] table; transient final HashEntry<K, V> header;// 头节点 }
3、 put操作
代码太长了，见附件吧
4、 get操作
V get(Object key, int hash) {
HashEntry<K, V> e = getFirst(hash);
// 遍历查找
while (e != null) {
if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
V v = e.value;
// 把节点移动到头部。
moveNodeToHeader(e);
if (v != null)
return v;
// 在锁的情况读，必定能读到。
// tab[index] = new HashEntry<K,V>(key, hash, first, value)，
// value赋值和tab[index]赋值可能会重新排序，重新排序之后，可能会读空值
// 读到空值的话，在有锁的情况在再读一遍，一定能读！
return readValueUnderLock(e); // recheck
}
e = e.next;
}
return null;
六、 ConcurrentLRUHashMap实现方式四:
具体的做法是：
1、 对concurrentHashMap 每个节点加时间戳，每次命中只修改该节点的时间戳。
2、 集中式退化操作，每次命中并不进行退化操作。而是集中式进行退化操作（满的时候，或者时间到了）。
代码：
private static class CountableKey<K,V> implements Comparable<CountableKey<K, V>> {
public CountableKey(K key,V value) {
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("should not be null");
}
this.value = value;
this.key = key;
refreshTimeStamp();
}
public void refreshTimeStamp(){
timestamp.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
final V value;
final K key;
AtomicLong timestamp = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public int compareTo(CountableKey<K, V> o) {
long thisval = this.timestamp.get();
long anotherVal = o.timestamp.get();
return (thisval < anotherVal?-1:(thisval == anotherVal?0:1));
}
}
该方案的好处：
1、 快速执行get操作。get操作的时间是“concurrentHashMap的get时间+更新时间戳”的时间。
2、 put操作，一般的put操作的时间是“concurrentHashMap的put时间”，只要还未到达容量限制。而到达容量限制以后的，需要进行“退化，清理操作”+put的时间
该方案的 可能存在的问题：
1、 命中率，该算法的命中率同linkedHashMap
2、 清除 策略:
l 满了，执行清楚。缺点：1、会出现某个时刻，写操作卡死（如果正在等待清理的话）
l 定时执行。缺点：1、性能耗费。2、读不一致仍然无法避免。
七、 ConcurrentLRUHashMap实现方式的比较
本文只是抛砖引玉，希望能看到更多好多ConcurrentLRUHashMap的实现方式。由于能力有限。上文提到的第二种实现方式，在实际实现中并不能很好的退化，最终可能导致内存溢出。具体分析如下表
| 方式 | 方式一 | 方式二 | 方式三 | 方式四 |
| 性能 | 差 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
| 线程安全 | 绝对安全 | 安全 | 安全 | 安全 |
| 内存消耗 | 一般 | 很多 | 一般 | 一般 |
| 稳定性 | 稳定 | 不稳定 | 稳定 | 不稳定 |
总体来说，第三者性较好。
比较方式一和方式三：
源代码如下：
- package com.googlecode.jue.util;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import java.util.AbstractCollection;
- import java.util.AbstractMap;
- import java.util.AbstractSet;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
- import java.util.Set;
- import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
- /**
- * 基于ConcurrentHashMap修改的LRUMap
- *
- * @author noah
- *
- * @param <K>
- * @param <V>
- */
- public class ConcurrentLRUHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> implements
- ConcurrentMap<K, V>, Serializable {
- /*
- * The basic strategy is to subdivide the table among Segments, each of
- * which itself is a concurrently readable hash table.
- */
- /* ---------------- Constants -------------- */
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -5031526786765467550L;
- /**
- * Segement默认最大数
- */
- static final int DEFAULT_SEGEMENT_MAX_CAPACITY = 100;
- /**
- * The default load factor for this table, used when not otherwise specified
- * in a constructor.
- */
- static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
- /**
- * The default concurrency level for this table, used when not otherwise
- * specified in a constructor.
- */
- static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
- /**
- * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified by
- * either of the constructors with arguments. MUST be a power of two <=
- * 1<<30 to ensure that entries are indexable using ints.
- */
- static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
- /**
- * The maximum number of segments to allow; used to bound constructor
- * arguments.
- */
- static final int MAX_SEGMENTS = 1 << 16; // slightly conservative
- /**
- * Number of unsynchronized retries in size and containsValue methods before
- * resorting to locking. This is used to avoid unbounded retries if tables
- * undergo continuous modification which would make it impossible to obtain
- * an accurate result.
- */
- static final int RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK = 2;
- /* ---------------- Fields -------------- */
- /**
- * Mask value for indexing into segments. The upper bits of a key's hash
- * code are used to choose the segment.
- */
- final int segmentMask;
- /**
- * Shift value for indexing within segments.
- */
- final int segmentShift;
- /**
- * The segments, each of which is a specialized hash table
- */
- final Segment<K, V>[] segments;
- transient Set<K> keySet;
- transient Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet;
- transient Collection<V> values;
- /* ---------------- Small Utilities -------------- */
- /**
- * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which defends
- * against poor quality hash functions. This is critical because
- * ConcurrentHashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that otherwise
- * encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ in lower or upper
- * bits.
- */
- private static int hash(int h) {
- // Spread bits to regularize both segment and index locations,
- // using variant of single-word Wang/Jenkins hash.
- h += (h << 15) ^ 0xffffcd7d;
- h ^= (h >>> 10);
- h += (h << 3);
- h ^= (h >>> 6);
- h += (h << 2) + (h << 14);
- return h ^ (h >>> 16);
- }
- /**
- * Returns the segment that should be used for key with given hash
- *
- * @param hash
- * the hash code for the key
- * @return the segment
- */
- final Segment<K, V> segmentFor(int hash) {
- return segments[(hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask];
- }
- /* ---------------- Inner Classes -------------- */
- /**
- * 修改原HashEntry，
- */
- static final class HashEntry<K, V> {
- /**
- * 键
- */
- final K key;
- /**
- * hash值
- */
- final int hash;
- /**
- * 值
- */
- volatile V value;
- /**
- * hash链指针
- */
- final HashEntry<K, V> next;
- /**
- * 双向链表的下一个节点
- */
- HashEntry<K, V> linkNext;
- /**
- * 双向链表的上一个节点
- */
- HashEntry<K, V> linkPrev;
- /**
- * 死亡标记
- */
- AtomicBoolean dead;
- HashEntry(K key, int hash, HashEntry<K, V> next, V value) {
- this.key = key;
- this.hash = hash;
- this.next = next;
- this.value = value;
- dead = new AtomicBoolean(false);
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- static final <K, V> HashEntry<K, V>[] newArray(int i) {
- return new HashEntry[i];
- }
- }
- /**
- * 基于原Segment修改，内部实现一个双向列表
- *
- * @author noah
- *
- * @param <K>
- * @param <V>
- */
- static final class Segment<K, V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
- /*
- * Segments maintain a table of entry lists that are ALWAYS kept in a
- * consistent state, so can be read without locking. Next fields of
- * nodes are immutable (final). All list additions are performed at the
- * front of each bin. This makes it easy to check changes, and also fast
- * to traverse. When nodes would otherwise be changed, new nodes are
- * created to replace them. This works well for hash tables since the
- * bin lists tend to be short. (The average length is less than two for
- * the default load factor threshold.)
- *
- * Read operations can thus proceed without locking, but rely on
- * selected uses of volatiles to ensure that completed write operations
- * performed by other threads are noticed. For most purposes, the
- * "count" field, tracking the number of elements, serves as that
- * volatile variable ensuring visibility. This is convenient because
- * this field needs to be read in many read operations anyway:
- *
- * - All (unsynchronized) read operations must first read the "count"
- * field, and should not look at table entries if it is 0.
- *
- * - All (synchronized) write operations should write to the "count"
- * field after structurally changing any bin. The operations must not
- * take any action that could even momentarily cause a concurrent read
- * operation to see inconsistent data. This is made easier by the nature
- * of the read operations in Map. For example, no operation can reveal
- * that the table has grown but the threshold has not yet been updated,
- * so there are no atomicity requirements for this with respect to
- * reads.
- *
- * As a guide, all critical volatile reads and writes to the count field
- * are marked in code comments.
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
- /**
- * The number of elements in this segment's region.
- */
- transient volatile int count;
- /**
- * Number of updates that alter the size of the table. This is used
- * during bulk-read methods to make sure they see a consistent snapshot:
- * If modCounts change during a traversal of segments computing size or
- * checking containsValue, then we might have an inconsistent view of
- * state so (usually) must retry.
- */
- transient int modCount;
- /**
- * The table is rehashed when its size exceeds this threshold. (The
- * value of this field is always <tt>(int)(capacity *
- * loadFactor)</tt>.)
- */
- transient int threshold;
- /**
- * The per-segment table.
- */
- transient volatile HashEntry<K, V>[] table;
- /**
- * The load factor for the hash table. Even though this value is same
- * for all segments, it is replicated to avoid needing links to outer
- * object.
- *
- * @serial
- */
- final float loadFactor;
- /**
- * 头节点
- */
- transient final HashEntry<K, V> header;
- /**
- * Segement最大容量
- */
- final int maxCapacity;
- Segment(int maxCapacity, float lf, ConcurrentLRUHashMap<K, V> lruMap) {
- this.maxCapacity = maxCapacity;
- loadFactor = lf;
- setTable(HashEntry.<K, V> newArray(maxCapacity));
- header = new HashEntry<K, V>(null, -1, null, null);
- header.linkNext = header;
- header.linkPrev = header;
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- static final <K, V> Segment<K, V>[] newArray(int i) {
- return new Segment[i];
- }
- /**
- * Sets table to new HashEntry array. Call only while holding lock or in
- * constructor.
- */
- void setTable(HashEntry<K, V>[] newTable) {
- threshold = (int) (newTable.length * loadFactor);
- table = newTable;
- }
- /**
- * Returns properly casted first entry of bin for given hash.
- */
- HashEntry<K, V> getFirst(int hash) {
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
- return tab[hash & (tab.length - 1)];
- }
- /**
- * Reads value field of an entry under lock. Called if value field ever
- * appears to be null. This is possible only if a compiler happens to
- * reorder a HashEntry initialization with its table assignment, which
- * is legal under memory model but is not known to ever occur.
- */
- V readValueUnderLock(HashEntry<K, V> e) {
- lock();
- try {
- return e.value;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- /* Specialized implementations of map methods */
- V get(Object key, int hash) {
- lock();
- try {
- if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
- HashEntry<K, V> e = getFirst(hash);
- while (e != null) {
- if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
- V v = e.value;
- // 将节点移动到头节点之前
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- if (v != null)
- return v;
- return readValueUnderLock(e); // recheck
- }
- e = e.next;
- }
- }
- return null;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 将节点移动到头节点之前
- *
- * @param entry
- */
- void moveNodeToHeader(HashEntry<K, V> entry) {
- // 先移除，然后插入到头节点的前面
- removeNode(entry);
- addBefore(entry, header);
- }
- /**
- * 将第一个参数代表的节点插入到第二个参数代表的节点之前
- *
- * @param newEntry
- * 需要插入的节点
- * @param entry
- * 被插入的节点
- */
- void addBefore(HashEntry<K, V> newEntry, HashEntry<K, V> entry) {
- newEntry.linkNext = entry;
- newEntry.linkPrev = entry.linkPrev;
- entry.linkPrev.linkNext = newEntry;
- entry.linkPrev = newEntry;
- }
- /**
- * 从双向链中删除该Entry
- *
- * @param entry
- */
- void removeNode(HashEntry<K, V> entry) {
- entry.linkPrev.linkNext = entry.linkNext;
- entry.linkNext.linkPrev = entry.linkPrev;
- }
- boolean containsKey(Object key, int hash) {
- lock();
- try {
- if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
- HashEntry<K, V> e = getFirst(hash);
- while (e != null) {
- if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- return true;
- }
- e = e.next;
- }
- }
- return false;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- boolean containsValue(Object value) {
- lock();
- try {
- if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
- int len = tab.length;
- for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
- for (HashEntry<K, V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
- V v = e.value;
- if (v == null) // recheck
- v = readValueUnderLock(e);
- if (value.equals(v)) {
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return false;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- boolean replace(K key, int hash, V oldValue, V newValue) {
- lock();
- try {
- HashEntry<K, V> e = getFirst(hash);
- while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
- e = e.next;
- boolean replaced = false;
- if (e != null && oldValue.equals(e.value)) {
- replaced = true;
- e.value = newValue;
- // 移动到头部
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- }
- return replaced;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- V replace(K key, int hash, V newValue) {
- lock();
- try {
- HashEntry<K, V> e = getFirst(hash);
- while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
- e = e.next;
- V oldValue = null;
- if (e != null) {
- oldValue = e.value;
- e.value = newValue;
- // 移动到头部
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- }
- return oldValue;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
- lock();
- try {
- int c = count;
- if (c++ > threshold) // ensure capacity
- rehash();
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
- int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
- HashEntry<K, V> first = tab[index];
- HashEntry<K, V> e = first;
- while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
- e = e.next;
- V oldValue = null;
- if (e != null) {
- oldValue = e.value;
- if (!onlyIfAbsent) {
- e.value = value;
- // 移动到头部
- moveNodeToHeader(e);
- }
- } else {
- oldValue = null;
- ++modCount;
- HashEntry<K, V> newEntry = new HashEntry<K, V>(key, hash, first, value);
- tab[index] = newEntry;
- count = c; // write-volatile
- // 添加到双向链
- addBefore(newEntry, header);
- // 判断是否达到最大值
- removeEldestEntry();
- }
- return oldValue;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- void rehash() {
- HashEntry<K, V>[] oldTable = table;
- int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
- if (oldCapacity >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
- return;
- /*
- * Reclassify nodes in each list to new Map. Because we are using
- * power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin must either
- * stay at same index, or move with a power of two offset. We
- * eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching cases where old
- * nodes can be reused because their next fields won't change.
- * Statistically, at the default threshold, only about one-sixth of
- * them need cloning when a table doubles. The nodes they replace
- * will be garbage collectable as soon as they are no longer
- * referenced by any reader thread that may be in the midst of
- * traversing table right now.
- */
- HashEntry<K, V>[] newTable = HashEntry.newArray(oldCapacity << 1);
- threshold = (int) (newTable.length * loadFactor);
- int sizeMask = newTable.length - 1;
- for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {
- // We need to guarantee that any existing reads of old Map can
- // proceed. So we cannot yet null out each bin.
- HashEntry<K, V> e = oldTable[i];
- if (e != null) {
- HashEntry<K, V> next = e.next;
- int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
- // Single node on list
- if (next == null)
- newTable[idx] = e;
- else {
- // Reuse trailing consecutive sequence at same slot
- HashEntry<K, V> lastRun = e;
- int lastIdx = idx;
- for (HashEntry<K, V> last = next; last != null; last = last.next) {
- int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
- if (k != lastIdx) {
- lastIdx = k;
- lastRun = last;
- }
- }
- newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
- // Clone all remaining nodes
- for (HashEntry<K, V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
- int k = p.hash & sizeMask;
- HashEntry<K, V> n = newTable[k];
- HashEntry<K, V> newEntry = new HashEntry<K, V>(
- p.key, p.hash, n, p.value);
- // update by Noah
- newEntry.linkNext = p.linkNext;
- newEntry.linkPrev = p.linkPrev;
- newTable[k] = newEntry;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- table = newTable;
- }
- /**
- * Remove; match on key only if value null, else match both.
- */
- V remove(Object key, int hash, Object value) {
- lock();
- try {
- int c = count - 1;
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
- int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
- HashEntry<K, V> first = tab[index];
- HashEntry<K, V> e = first;
- while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
- e = e.next;
- V oldValue = null;
- if (e != null) {
- V v = e.value;
- if (value == null || value.equals(v)) {
- oldValue = v;
- // All entries following removed node can stay
- // in list, but all preceding ones need to be
- // cloned.
- ++modCount;
- HashEntry<K, V> newFirst = e.next;
- for (HashEntry<K, V> p = first; p != e; p = p.next) {
- newFirst = new HashEntry<K, V>(p.key, p.hash,
- newFirst, p.value);
- newFirst.linkNext = p.linkNext;
- newFirst.linkPrev = p.linkPrev;
- }
- tab[index] = newFirst;
- count = c; // write-volatile
- // 移除节点
- removeNode(e);
- }
- }
- return oldValue;
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 移除最旧元素
- */
- void removeEldestEntry() {
- if (count > this.maxCapacity) {
- HashEntry<K, V> eldest = header.linkNext;
- remove(eldest.key, eldest.hash, null);
- }
- }
- void clear() {
- if (count != 0) {
- lock();
- try {
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = table;
- for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)
- tab[i] = null;
- ++modCount;
- count = 0; // write-volatile
- } finally {
- unlock();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 使用指定参数，创建一个ConcurrentLRUHashMap
- *
- * @param segementCapacity
- * Segement最大容量
- * @param loadFactor
- * 加载因子
- * @param concurrencyLevel
- * 并发级别
- */
- public ConcurrentLRUHashMap(int segementCapacity, float loadFactor,
- int concurrencyLevel) {
- if (!(loadFactor > 0) || segementCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException();
- if (concurrencyLevel > MAX_SEGMENTS)
- concurrencyLevel = MAX_SEGMENTS;
- // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments
- int sshift = 0;
- int ssize = 1;
- while (ssize < concurrencyLevel) {
- ++sshift;
- ssize <<= 1;
- }
- segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
- segmentMask = ssize - 1;
- this.segments = Segment.newArray(ssize);
- for (int i = 0; i < this.segments.length; ++i)
- this.segments[i] = new Segment<K, V>(segementCapacity, loadFactor, this);
- }
- /**
- * 使用指定参数，创建一个ConcurrentLRUHashMap
- *
- * @param segementCapacity
- * Segement最大容量
- * @param loadFactor
- * 加载因子
- */
- public ConcurrentLRUHashMap(int segementCapacity, float loadFactor) {
- this(segementCapacity, loadFactor, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
- }
- /**
- * 使用指定参数，创建一个ConcurrentLRUHashMap
- *
- * @param segementCapacity
- * Segement最大容量
- */
- public ConcurrentLRUHashMap(int segementCapacity) {
- this(segementCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
- }
- /**
- * 使用默认参数，创建一个ConcurrentLRUHashMap，存放元素最大数默认为1000， 加载因子为0.75，并发级别16
- */
- public ConcurrentLRUHashMap() {
- this(DEFAULT_SEGEMENT_MAX_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR,
- DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
- }
- /**
- * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
- *
- * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
- */
- public boolean isEmpty() {
- final Segment<K, V>[] segments = this.segments;
- /*
- * We keep track of per-segment modCounts to avoid ABA problems in which
- * an element in one segment was added and in another removed during
- * traversal, in which case the table was never actually empty at any
- * point. Note the similar use of modCounts in the size() and
- * containsValue() methods, which are the only other methods also
- * susceptible to ABA problems.
- */
- int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
- int mcsum = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- if (segments[i].count != 0)
- return false;
- else
- mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
- }
- // If mcsum happens to be zero, then we know we got a snapshot
- // before any modifications at all were made. This is
- // probably common enough to bother tracking.
- if (mcsum != 0) {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- if (segments[i].count != 0 || mc[i] != segments[i].modCount)
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. If the map contains
- * more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
- * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
- *
- * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
- */
- public int size() {
- final Segment<K, V>[] segments = this.segments;
- long sum = 0;
- long check = 0;
- int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
- // Try a few times to get accurate count. On failure due to
- // continuous async changes in table, resort to locking.
- for (int k = 0; k < RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK; ++k) {
- check = 0;
- sum = 0;
- int mcsum = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- sum += segments[i].count;
- mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
- }
- if (mcsum != 0) {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- check += segments[i].count;
- if (mc[i] != segments[i].modCount) {
- check = -1; // force retry
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (check == sum)
- break;
- }
- if (check != sum) { // Resort to locking all segments
- sum = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- segments[i].lock();
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- sum += segments[i].count;
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- segments[i].unlock();
- }
- if (sum > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
- return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
- else
- return (int) sum;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or {@code null}
- * if this map contains no mapping for the key.
- *
- * <p>
- * More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key {@code k} to a
- * value {@code v} such that {@code key.equals(k)}, then this method returns
- * {@code v}; otherwise it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one
- * such mapping.)
- *
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified key is null
- */
- public V get(Object key) {
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).get(key, hash);
- }
- /**
- * Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
- *
- * @param key
- * possible key
- * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if the specified object is a key in
- * this table, as determined by the <tt>equals</tt> method;
- * <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified key is null
- */
- public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).containsKey(key, hash);
- }
- /**
- * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the specified
- * value. Note: This method requires a full internal traversal of the hash
- * table, and so is much slower than method <tt>containsKey</tt>.
- *
- * @param value
- * value whose presence in this map is to be tested
- * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the specified
- * value
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified value is null
- */
- public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- // See explanation of modCount use above
- final Segment<K, V>[] segments = this.segments;
- int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
- // Try a few times without locking
- for (int k = 0; k < RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK; ++k) {
- int mcsum = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
- if (segments[i].containsValue(value))
- return true;
- }
- boolean cleanSweep = true;
- if (mcsum != 0) {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- if (mc[i] != segments[i].modCount) {
- cleanSweep = false;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (cleanSweep)
- return false;
- }
- // Resort to locking all segments
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- segments[i].lock();
- boolean found = false;
- try {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- if (segments[i].containsValue(value)) {
- found = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- } finally {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- segments[i].unlock();
- }
- return found;
- }
- /**
- * Legacy method testing if some key maps into the specified value in this
- * table. This method is identical in functionality to
- * {@link #containsValue}, and exists solely to ensure full compatibility
- * with class {@link java.util.Hashtable}, which supported this method prior
- * to introduction of the Java Collections framework.
- *
- * @param value
- * a value to search for
- * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if some key maps to the <tt>value</tt>
- * argument in this table as determined by the <tt>equals</tt>
- * method; <tt>false</tt> otherwise
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified value is null
- */
- public boolean contains(Object value) {
- return containsValue(value);
- }
- /**
- * Put一个键值，加Map锁
- */
- public V put(K key, V value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, false);
- }
- /**
- * Put一个键值，如果该Key不存在的话
- */
- public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, true);
- }
- /**
- * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this one. These
- * mappings replace any mappings that this map had for any of the keys
- * currently in the specified map.
- *
- * @param m
- * mappings to be stored in this map
- */
- public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
- for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
- put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
- }
- /**
- * Removes the key (and its corresponding value) from this map. This method
- * does nothing if the key is not in the map.
- *
- * @param key
- * the key that needs to be removed
- * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or <tt>null</tt>
- * if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified key is null
- */
- public V remove(Object key) {
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash, null);
- }
- /**
- * {@inheritDoc}
- *
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified key is null
- */
- public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- if (value == null)
- return false;
- return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash, value) != null;
- }
- /**
- * {@inheritDoc}
- *
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if any of the arguments are null
- */
- public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
- if (oldValue == null || newValue == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, oldValue, newValue);
- }
- /**
- * {@inheritDoc}
- *
- * @return the previous value associated with the specified key, or
- * <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for the key
- * @throws NullPointerException
- * if the specified key or value is null
- */
- public V replace(K key, V value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
- return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, value);
- }
- /**
- * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
- */
- public void clear() {
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
- segments[i].clear();
- }
- /**
- * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map. The set is
- * backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and
- * vice-versa. The set supports element removal, which removes the
- * corresponding mapping from this map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
- * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and
- * <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or
- * <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
- *
- * <p>
- * The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will
- * never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to
- * traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
- * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to
- * construction.
- */
- public Set<K> keySet() {
- Set<K> ks = keySet;
- return (ks != null) ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet());
- }
- /**
- * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
- * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected
- * in the collection, and vice-versa. The collection supports element
- * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map, via the
- * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
- * <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support
- * the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
- *
- * <p>
- * The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will
- * never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to
- * traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
- * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to
- * construction.
- */
- public Collection<V> values() {
- Collection<V> vs = values;
- return (vs != null) ? vs : (values = new Values());
- }
- /**
- * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map. The set
- * is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and
- * vice-versa. The set supports element removal, which removes the
- * corresponding mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
- * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and
- * <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or
- * <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
- *
- * <p>
- * The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will
- * never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to
- * traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
- * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to
- * construction.
- */
- public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
- Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> es = entrySet;
- return (es != null) ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
- }
- /**
- * Returns an enumeration of the keys in this table.
- *
- * @return an enumeration of the keys in this table
- * @see #keySet()
- */
- public Enumeration<K> keys() {
- return new KeyIterator();
- }
- /**
- * Returns an enumeration of the values in this table.
- *
- * @return an enumeration of the values in this table
- * @see #values()
- */
- public Enumeration<V> elements() {
- return new ValueIterator();
- }
- /* ---------------- Iterator Support -------------- */
- abstract class HashIterator {
- int nextSegmentIndex;
- int nextTableIndex;
- HashEntry<K, V>[] currentTable;
- HashEntry<K, V> nextEntry;
- HashEntry<K, V> lastReturned;
- HashIterator() {
- nextSegmentIndex = segments.length - 1;
- nextTableIndex = -1;
- advance();
- }
- public boolean hasMoreElements() {
- return hasNext();
- }
- final void advance() {
- if (nextEntry != null && (nextEntry = nextEntry.next) != null)
- return;
- while (nextTableIndex >= 0) {
- if ((nextEntry = currentTable[nextTableIndex--]) != null)
- return;
- }
- while (nextSegmentIndex >= 0) {
- Segment<K, V> seg = segments[nextSegmentIndex--];
- if (seg.count != 0) {
- currentTable = seg.table;
- for (int j = currentTable.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
- if ((nextEntry = currentTable[j]) != null) {
- nextTableIndex = j - 1;
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public boolean hasNext() {
- return nextEntry != null;
- }
- HashEntry<K, V> nextEntry() {
- if (nextEntry == null)
- throw new NoSuchElementException();
- lastReturned = nextEntry;
- advance();
- return lastReturned;
- }
- public void remove() {
- if (lastReturned == null)
- throw new IllegalStateException();
- ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.remove(lastReturned.key);
- lastReturned = null;
- }
- }
- final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<K>,
- Enumeration<K> {
- public K next() {
- return super.nextEntry().key;
- }
- public K nextElement() {
- return super.nextEntry().key;
- }
- }
- final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<V>,
- Enumeration<V> {
- public V next() {
- return super.nextEntry().value;
- }
- public V nextElement() {
- return super.nextEntry().value;
- }
- }
- /**
- * Custom Entry class used by EntryIterator.next(), that relays setValue
- * changes to the underlying map.
- */
- final class WriteThroughEntry extends AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<K, V> {
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -2545938966452012894L;
- WriteThroughEntry(K k, V v) {
- super(k, v);
- }
- /**
- * Set our entry's value and write through to the map. The value to
- * return is somewhat arbitrary here. Since a WriteThroughEntry does not
- * necessarily track asynchronous changes, the most recent "previous"
- * value could be different from what we return (or could even have been
- * removed in which case the put will re-establish). We do not and
- * cannot guarantee more.
- */
- public V setValue(V value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
- V v = super.setValue(value);
- ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.put(getKey(), value);
- return v;
- }
- }
- final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator implements
- Iterator<Entry<K, V>> {
- public Map.Entry<K, V> next() {
- HashEntry<K, V> e = super.nextEntry();
- return new WriteThroughEntry(e.key, e.value);
- }
- }
- final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
- public Iterator<K> iterator() {
- return new KeyIterator();
- }
- public int size() {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.size();
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.containsKey(o);
- }
- public boolean remove(Object o) {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.remove(o) != null;
- }
- public void clear() {
- ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.clear();
- }
- }
- final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
- public Iterator<V> iterator() {
- return new ValueIterator();
- }
- public int size() {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.size();
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.containsValue(o);
- }
- public void clear() {
- ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.clear();
- }
- }
- final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
- public Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
- return new EntryIterator();
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
- return false;
- Map.Entry<?, ?> e = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
- V v = ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.get(e.getKey());
- return v != null && v.equals(e.getValue());
- }
- public boolean remove(Object o) {
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
- return false;
- Map.Entry<?, ?> e = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.remove(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
- }
- public int size() {
- return ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.size();
- }
- public void clear() {
- ConcurrentLRUHashMap.this.clear();
- }
- }
- /* ---------------- Serialization Support -------------- */
- /**
- * Save the state of the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt> instance to a stream
- * (i.e., serialize it).
- *
- * @param s
- * the stream
- * @serialData the key (Object) and value (Object) for each key-value
- * mapping, followed by a null pair. The key-value mappings are
- * emitted in no particular order.
- */
- private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
- s.defaultWriteObject();
- for (int k = 0; k < segments.length; ++k) {
- Segment<K, V> seg = segments[k];
- seg.lock();
- try {
- HashEntry<K, V>[] tab = seg.table;
- for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
- for (HashEntry<K, V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
- s.writeObject(e.key);
- s.writeObject(e.value);
- }
- }
- } finally {
- seg.unlock();
- }
- }
- s.writeObject(null);
- s.writeObject(null);
- }
- /**
- * Reconstitute the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt> instance from a stream (i.e.,
- * deserialize it).
- *
- * @param s
- * the stream
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException,
- ClassNotFoundException {
- s.defaultReadObject();
- // Initialize each segment to be minimally sized, and let grow.
- for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
- segments[i].setTable(new HashEntry[1]);
- }
- // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the table
- for (;;) {
- K key = (K) s.readObject();
- V value = (V) s.readObject();
- if (key == null)
- break;
- put(key, value);
- }
- }
- }
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