MySQL入门-1
这里主要讲简单mysql命令行和简单查询语句
登陆MySQL
mysql -uroot -p密码
C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -uroot -p******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
完美卸载Mysql
- 双击安装包,点击remove
- 手动删除program Files里面的Mysql
- 手动删除programData(这个是隐藏的文件,点击查看,打上显示隐藏的对勾,就可以看见)里面的Mysql
sql,DB,DBMS分别是什么,他们之间的关系是什么?
DB:
DataBase(数据库,数据库实际上在硬盘上以文件的形式存在)
DBMS:
DataBase Management System(数据库管理系统,常见的有:MySQL Oracle DB2 Sybase SqServer…)
SQL:
结构化查询语言,是一门标准通用的语言。标准的sql适合于所有的数据库产品
SQL在执行的时候,实际上内部也会先进行编译,然后再执行sql(sql语句的编译由DBMS完成)
DBMS负责执行sql语句,通过执行sql语句来操作DB当中的数据
DBMS-(执行)->SQL-(操作)->DB
表的理解:tabel
table是数据库的基本组成单元,所有的数据都以表格形式组织,目的是可读性强
一个表包括行和列:
行:被称为数据/记录(data)
列:被称为字段(column)
每一个字段应该包括那些属性?
字段名,数据类型,相关约束
学习MySQL主要是学习SQL语句
- DQL(数据查询语言):查询语句,凡是select都是DQL。
- DML(数据操作语言):insert delete ,updata ,对表当中的数据进行增删改。
- DDL(数据定义语言): create drop alter 对表结构的增删改。
- TCL(事物控制语言):commit提交事务,rollback回滚事务(TCL中T是Transaction)。
- DCL(数据控制语言): grant授权,revoke撤销权限等。
MySQL命令
1.查看数据库
>show databases;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| atguigu |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.创建数据库
>create database 数据库名;(它属于Mysql命令,不是SQL语句)
mysql> create database bjpowernode;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
3.使用数据库
>use 数据库名;(它属于Mysql命令,不是SQL语句)
mysql> use bjpowernode;
Database changed
4.查看数据库的表
>show tables;(它属于Mysql命令,不是SQL语句)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
5.初始化数据
>source 文件路径
mysql> source D:\前端学习\bjpowernode.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
...
6.再次查看表的列表
mysql> show tables
-> ;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_bjpowernode |
+-----------------------+
| dept |
| emp |
| salgrade |
+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.删除数据库
drop database 数据库名
mysql> drop database bjpowernode;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
8.查看表结构
>desc 表名称
mysql> desc emp;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| EMPNO | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| ENAME | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| JOB | varchar(9) | YES | | NULL | |
| MGR | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| HIREDATE | date | YES | | NULL | |
| SAL | double(7,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| COMM | double(7,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| DEPTNO | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9.查看表数据
>select * from 表名称;
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql常用命令
查询当前使用的数据库
select database();
mysql> select database();
+-------------+
| database() |
+-------------+
| bjpowernode |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查询当前版本号
select version();
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.5.15 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
结束一条语句
\c
mysql> select
->
->
->
-> \c
mysql>
退出mysql
exit
查看创建表的语句
>show create table 表名字
mysql> show create table emp;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| emp | CREATE TABLE `emp` (
`EMPNO` int(4) NOT NULL,
`ENAME` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`JOB` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL,
`MGR` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`HIREDATE` date DEFAULT NULL,
`SAL` double(7,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`COMM` double(7,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`DEPTNO` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`EMPNO`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
简单查询语句
select 字段名1,字段名2,字段名... from 表名;
tip:sql语句不区分大小写,每一条sql语句以分号结尾
mysql> select
-> ENAME
-> from
-> emp;
+--------+
| ENAME |
+--------+
| SMITH |
| ALLEN |
| WARD |
| JONES |
| MARTIN |
| BLAKE |
| CLARK |
| SCOTT |
| KING |
| TURNER |
| ADAMS |
| JAMES |
| FORD |
| MILLER |
+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
案例 查询员工年薪
mysql> select
-> ename,sal*12 as '年薪'
-> from
-> emp;
+--------+----------+
| ename | 年薪 |
+--------+----------+
| SMITH | 9600.00 |
| ALLEN | 19200.00 |
| WARD | 15000.00 |
| JONES | 35700.00 |
| MARTIN | 15000.00 |
| BLAKE | 34200.00 |
| CLARK | 29400.00 |
| SCOTT | 36000.00 |
| KING | 60000.00 |
| TURNER | 18000.00 |
| ADAMS | 13200.00 |
| JAMES | 11400.00 |
| FORD | 36000.00 |
| MILLER | 15600.00 |
+--------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意:
sql语句中支持数学运算
别名
as 后面接的是给查询的字段起的别名
字符串
标准的sql语句中要求字符串使用单引号括起来,虽然mysql支持双引号
按条件查询
select 字段,字段,.. from 表名 where 查询条件
tip:执行顺序:先from,然后where ,最后select
符号 | 说明 |
---|---|
“>” | 大于 |
“<” | 小于 |
“>=” “<=” | 大于或等于 小于或等于 |
“<>”或“!=” | 不等于 |
and | 相当于&& |
between… and… | 相当于<= and >= ,也可以用在字符串方面 |
is null | is not null | 为空或者不为空,在数据库中Null不是一个值,代表什么也没有,为空。空不是一个值,能用用等号衡量 |
or | 或者 |
in | 包含,相当于多个or(not in 表示不在这个范围中) |
like(类似正则表达式) | like称为模糊查询,支持%或下划线匹配 , %表示任意多个字符,下划线表示任意一个字符,如果包含%_ 则必须转义 ‘"%"’ _ |
案例 : 查询工资等于3000的员工
mysql> select
-> ename
-> from
-> emp
->
-> where
-> sal=3000;
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| SCOTT |
| FORD |
+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
案例 : 查询工资不等于3000的员工
mysql> select
-> ename
-> from
-> emp
-> where
-> sal<>3000;
+--------+
| ename |
+--------+
| SMITH |
| ALLEN |
| WARD |
| JONES |
| MARTIN |
| BLAKE |
| CLARK |
| KING |
| TURNER |
| ADAMS |
| JAMES |
| MILLER |
+--------+
案例 : 查询工资在1000到3000包含1000,3000的员工
mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal between 1000 and 3000;
+--------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+--------+---------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
案例 : 查询津贴值为空的员工
mysql> select
-> ename,comm
-> from
-> emp
-> where
-> comm is null;
+--------+------+
| ename | comm |
+--------+------+
| SMITH | NULL |
| JONES | NULL |
| BLAKE | NULL |
| CLARK | NULL |
| SCOTT | NULL |
| KING | NULL |
| ADAMS | NULL |
| JAMES | NULL |
| FORD | NULL |
| MILLER | NULL |
+--------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
案例:查询工资是5000和工资是800的员工
mysql> select
-> ename,sal
-> from
-> emp
-> where
-> sal in (800,5000);
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| SMITH | 800.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
+-------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
tip: in (800,5000)不是800到5000之间,而是800or5000
查询名字中含有c的员工
mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '%c%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| CLARK |
| SCOTT |
+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查询名字中第二个字符是o的员工
mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '_o%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| JONES |
| FORD |
+-------+