Windows下的TCP和UDP网络编程

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一.面向连接–TCP

特性

传输过程中数据不会丢失
按照顺序传输数据
不存在数据边界

流程：

服务端代码

#include<winsock2.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int main() {

	printf("TCP Server\n");
	//初始化网络库

// 加载套接字库
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
	// 初始化套接字库
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	if (err != 0)
	{
		return err;
	}
	if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1)
	{
		WSACleanup();
		return -1;
	}
	//创建套接字
	SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (sockSrv == INVALID_SOCKET) {
		printf("create socket error: %s\n",GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
	addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
	addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
	//bind
	if (SOCKET_ERROR == bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(addrSrv)))
	{
		printf("bind error = %d\n", GetLastError());
	}
	//listen
	if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(sockSrv, 5))// 最大监听数目，执行到listen,未执行到accept//该部可以接受连接放到队列，
		//但是不会处理数据
	{
		printf("listen error = %d\n", GetLastError());
	}
	printf("sleep start");
	Sleep(60000);
	printf("slepep end");
	SOCKADDR_IN addrCil;
	int len = sizeof(addrCil);
	while (TRUE) {
		SOCKET sockConn= accept(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrCil, &len);
		char sendBuf[100] = { 0 };
		sprintf_s(sendBuf, 100, "welcome to china!");
		int iLen = send(sockConn, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf), 0);
		char recvBuf[100] = { 0 };
		iLen = recv(sockConn, recvBuf, 100, 0);
		printf("recvBuf = %s\n", recvBuf);
		closesocket(sockConn);
	}
	closesocket(sockSrv);
	WSACleanup();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

大型数据接收解决代码

int MyRecv(int sock, char* buf, int datasize) {
	int numRecvSoFar =0 ;
	int numRemainingToRecv = datasize;
	printf("enter MySockRecv0\n");
	while (1) {
		int byteRead = recv(sock, &buf[numRecvSoFar], numRemainingToRecv, 0);
		if (byteRead == numRemainingToRecv) {
			return 0;
		}
		else if (byteRead > 0) {
			numRecvSoFar += byteRead;
			numRemainingToRecv -= byteRead;
		}
		else if ((byteRead < 0) && errno == EAGAIN) {
			continue;
		}
		else {
			return -1;
		}
	}
}

客户端代码

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<winsock2.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int main() {

	printf("TCP Client\n");
	//初始化网络库
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
	// 初始化套接字库
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	if (err != 0)
	{
		return err;
	}
	if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1)
	{
		WSACleanup();
		return -1;
	}
	//创建套接字
	printf("create socket\n");
	SOCKET sockCli = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (sockCli == INVALID_SOCKET) {
		printf("create socket error: %d\n", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	//配置要连接的服务器
	SOCKADDR_IN addsrv;
	addsrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	addsrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addsrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
	//连接服务器
	printf("connect\n");
	if (connect(sockCli, (SOCKADDR*)&addsrv, sizeof(addsrv)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
		printf("connect error = %d \n", GetLastError());
	}
	//收发数据
	
	char sendBuf[100] = "sdfghjgfds";
	printf("send\n");
	int iLen = send(sockCli, (char*)sendBuf, 100, 0);
	char recvBuf[100] = { 0 };
	printf("recv\n");
	iLen = recv(sockCli, recvBuf, 100, 0);
	printf("%s",recv);
	closesocket(sockCli);
	WSACleanup();
	printf("close\n");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

二.面向消息–UDP

特性

强调快速传输而非顺序
传输的的数据可能丢失，也可能损毁
限制传输大小
传输数据有数据边界

流程

服务端代码

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int main() {
	cout << "server " << endl;
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
	// 初始化套接字库
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	if (err != 0)
	{
		return err;
	}
	if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1)
	{
		WSACleanup();
		return -1;
	}
	//创建套接字
	SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM,0);
	if (sockSrv == INVALID_SOCKET) {
		printf("create socket error: %d\n", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
	addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
	bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
	SOCKADDR addrCli;
	int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
	char sendBuf[100] = {0};
	char recvBuf[100] = { 0 };
	
	while (true) {
		//接收
		recvfrom(sockSrv, recvBuf, 100, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrCli, &len);
		cout <<"recv:" << recvBuf << endl;
		//发送
		sprintf_s(sendBuf, 100, "Ack %s", recvBuf);
		sendto(sockSrv, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrCli, len);
		
	}
	closesocket(sockSrv);

	return 0;
}

客户端代码

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int main() {
	cout << "client " << endl;
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
	// 初始化套接字库
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	if (err != 0)
	{
		return err;
	}
	if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 1)
	{
		WSACleanup();
		return -1;
	}
	//创建套接字
	SOCKET sockCli = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (sockCli == INVALID_SOCKET) {
		printf("create socket error: %d\n", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
	addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
	int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
	char sendBuf[100] = "hello";
	char recvBuf[100] = { 0 };
	//发送
	sendto(sockCli, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, len);
	//接收
	recvfrom(sockCli, recvBuf, 100, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, &len);
	cout << recvBuf << endl;
	closesocket(sockCli);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三.零碎知识

需要引入头文件winsock2.h
导入

SOCK_STREAM----TCP

面向连接

SOCK_DGREM-----UDP

无连接

SOCK_RAW----原始套接字

可以读写内核没有处理的ip数据报，可以直接传输给需要的应用程序

常用函数

数据类型sockaddr

struct sockaddr {
u_short sa_family; //16 位地址类型 2 字节//指明ipv4还是ipv6
char sa_data[14]; //14 字节地址数据：ip + port
};

struct sockaddr_in {
short sin_family; //16 位地址类型//指明ipv4还是ipv6
u_short sin_port; //16 位端口号 65535 2 的 16 次方
struct in_addr sin_addr; //32 位 IP 地址 4 字节
char sin_zero[8]; //8 字节填充
};

大小都是16字节
sockaddr是面向操作系统的使用的
sockaddr_in是面向程序员的使用的

工具——错误查找

可以通过返回的错误编码去查找错误
10060–ip地址错误
10061–计算机拒绝访问（端口问题）

listen

if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(sockSrv, 5))// 最大监听数目，执行到listen,未执行到accept//该部可以接受连接放到队列，
		//但是不会处理数据
	{
		printf("listen error = %d\n", GetLastError());
	}

最大监听数目，执行到listen,未执行到accept
该部可以接受连接放到队列，但是不会处理数据
第6个客户端无法连接