1.Mybatis 的概述
- Mybatis是一款基于Java的持久层框架。它内部封装了JDBC,使开发者只需关注SQL语句本身,而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的操作。
- Mybatis使用ORM思想实现了结果集的封装。ORM(Object Relational Mapping)吸收了面向对象的思想,把对 sql 的操作转换为对象的操作,从而让程序员使用起来更加方便和易于接受。这种转换是通过对象和表之间的元数据映射实现的,简单地说,就是把实体类的属性和数据库表的字段对应起来,让我们可以通过操作实体类来操作数据库表。
![对象关系映射](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a7f52ad451f73869935f9a66e6651756.png)
官方文档: https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/getting-started.html.
2. 快速入门(quick start)
2.1 创建 maven 项目,导入相关依赖(pom.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hn</groupId>
<artifactId>day01_03mybatis_prcatice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.2 创建数据库和表
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS mybatis CHARACTER SET utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
`birthday` datetime DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '生日',
`sex` char(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
`address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地址',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', '张三', '2020-02-01 19:59:49', '男', '北京市');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', '李四', '2020-02-02 20:00:53', '男', '天津市');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', '王五', '2020-02-28 20:01:43', '男', '武汉市');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('4', '赵六', '2020-02-28 20:02:04', '男', '岳阳市');
2.3 创建实体类
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Date birthday;
private String sex;
private String address;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2.4 创建实体类的持久层接口
import com.hn.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
public List<User> queryUserAll();
}
2.5 创建接口的映射配置文件(UserMapper.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.hn.dao.UserDao">
<select id="queryUserAll" resultType="com.hn.pojo.User">
select * from user;
</select>
</mapper>
- 配置映射文件需要注意的事项
(1)Mybatis 映射配置文件位置必须和对应的接口的包结构相同
(2)映射配置文件的 mapper 元素中的 namespace 属性的取值必须是对应接口的全限定类名
(3)映射配置文件的操作配置,id 属性的取值必须是对应接口的方法名 - 当我们遵循了上述三点之后,在以后的开发中无需再写 dao 接口的实现类
2.6 创建 Mybatis 的主配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/hn/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
2.7 编写测试类
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
@Test
public class MybatisTest {
public void queryUserAllTest() throws Exception {
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
UserDao userDao = session.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> users = userDao.queryUserAll();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
session.close();
is.close();
}
}
- 项目结构如图
![Mybatis 项目结构](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/522e20d4c082d228d2a081f37dffe2cb.png)
- 运行测试类
![运行结果](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/60afe87735578ab11d16dcb61fea992f.png)