【原创】Scheme 函数式编程：基本符号

《函数程序设计算法》读书笔记。

简单值

#t

#t

#f

#f

#\M

#\M

#\newline

#\newline

#\nul

#\nul

"sample"

"sample"

"\"Hi\""

"\"Hi\""

"\\A\\"

"\\A\\"

'midnight-blue

'midnight-blue

(quote midnight-blue)

'midnight-blue

算术函数

(+)

0

(+ 1 2 3 4 5)

15

(- 1)

-1

(- 2 1)

1

(- 1 2 3)

-4

(*)

1

(* 2 3 4)

24

3/1

3

(/ 3 1)

3

(/ 3 2)

3/2

(= 3/1 (/ 3 1))

#t

(/ 5)

1/5

(expt 3 4)

81

(expt 3 0)

1

(expt 0 0)

1

Lambda 表达式

(lambda (x y) 
  (/ (+ x y) 2))

<procedure>

((lambda (x y) 
  (/ (+ x y) 2)) 3/5 11/3)

32/15

变元过程

(lambda nums
  (/ (apply + nums) (apply * nums)))

<procedure>

((lambda nums
  (/ (apply + nums) (apply * nums))) 3 5 8 2 6)

1/60

(lambda nums
  (apply + 23 14 6 nums))

<procedure>

((lambda (x y z . others)
  (* (+ x y z) (apply + others))) 1 2 3 3 4 5)

72

构造列表

(list 3 8 7)

'(3 8 7)

(list)

'()

返回多个值

values

<procedure:values>

(lambda nums
  (values (apply + nums) (apply * nums)))

<procedure>

((lambda nums
  (values (apply + nums) (apply * nums))) 1 2 3 4 5)

15
120

(define delist (lambda (ls)
  (apply values ls)))

(delist (list 1 2 3 4 5))

1
2
3
4
5

谓词

(even? 2)

#t

(even? 3)

#f

(< 3 4)

#t

(< 4 3)

#f

(values <= = > >=)

<procedure:&lt;=>
<procedure:=>
<procedure:>>
<procedure:>=>

(boolean? #f)

#t

(boolean? 0)

#f

(number? 0)

#t

(integer? 1)

#t

(integer? 1/2)

#f

(char? #\newline)

#t

(char? 'newline)

#f

(symbol? 'newline)

#t

(symbol? "newline")

#f

(string? "newline")

#t

(procedure? +)

#t

(procedure? (lambda (x) (+ x 1)))

#t

(equal? #t #t)

#t

(equal? + +)

#t

(equal? 3/1 3)

#t

(equal? (lambda (x) x) (lambda (x) x))

#f

(values zero? positive? negative? even? odd?)

<procedure:zero?>
<procedure:positive?>
<procedure:negative?>
<procedure:even?>
<procedure:odd?>

条件类型表达式

(if (= (+ 1 1) 2) 'eq 'neq)

'eq

(if (= (+ 1 1) 3) 'eq 'neq)

'neq

(and #t #t)

#t

(and #t #f)

#f

(and #f #f)

#f

(or #t #t)

#t

(or #t #f)

#t

(or #f #f)

#f

(and (= (+ 1 1) 2) 'eq)

'eq

(and (= (+ 1 1) 3) 'eq)

#f

(or (= (+ 1 1) 2) 'eq)

#t

(or (= (+ 1 1) 3) 'neq)

'neq

定义

(define meg 1048576)

(define inches-in-a-mile (* 12 5280))

meg

1048576

inches-in-a-mile

63360

(define (arithmetic-mean x y)
  (/ (+ x y) 2))

(arithmetic-mean 3 4)

7/2

(define lesser (lambda (l r)
                 (if (< l r) l r)))

(lesser 3 4)

3

(lesser 4 3)

3

(lesser 3 4)

3

(define (multi-arg . args) args)

(multi-arg 1 2 3)

'(1 2 3)

(define (multi-arg2 x y . args) (values (+ x y) args))

(multi-arg2 3 4 5 6)

7
'(5 6)

(define (factorial n)
  (if (= n 0)
      1
      (* n (factorial (- n 1)))))

(factorial 5)

120

局部绑定

(let ((hours-in-a-day 24)
      (seconds-in-an-hour (* 60 60)))
  (* hours-in-a-day seconds-in-an-hour))

86400

(let ((double (lambda (x) (* x 2))))
  (* (double 7) (double 12)))

336