【深度学习_2.3_2】TensorFlow搭建神经网络模型

模型：通过1-5的手势图片训练

 LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SOFTMAX

处理输入数据集

X_train_flatten = X_train_orig.reshape(X_train_orig.shape[0], -1).T
X_test_flatten = X_test_orig.reshape(X_test_orig.shape[0], -1).T

标准化输入

X_train = X_train_flatten/255.
X_test = X_test_flatten/255.

转化训练和测试集矩阵

Y_train = convert_to_one_hot(Y_train_orig, 6)
Y_test = convert_to_one_hot(Y_test_orig, 6)

创建placeholder

    X=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=[n_x,None],name='X')
    Y=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,shape=[n_y,None],name='Y')

初始化参数

    W1 = tf.get_variable("W1", [25,12288], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b1 = tf.get_variable("b1", [25,1], initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0))
    W2 = tf.get_variable("W2", [12,25], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b2 = tf.get_variable("b2", [12,1], initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0))
    W3 = tf.get_variable("W3",[6,12], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b3 = tf.get_variable("b3", [6,1], initializer = tf.constant_initializer(0))

前向传播

    Z1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W1,X),b1)                                         
    A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)                                             
    Z2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W2,A1),b2)                       
    A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)                                              
    Z3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W3,A2),b3)

计算损失函数

    logits = tf.transpose(Z3)
    labels = tf.transpose(Y)

    cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=logits,labels=labels))

反向传播及参数更新

TensorFlow里面的反向传播和参数更新分别只需要一行代码即可实现

反向传播

optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate = learning_rate).minimize(cost)

参数优化

_ , c = sess.run([optimizer, cost], feed_dict={X: minibatch_X, Y: minibatch_Y})

建立整体模型

def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, learning_rate = 0.0001,
          num_epochs = 1500, minibatch_size = 32, print_cost = True):
    """
    Implements a three-layer tensorflow neural network: LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->SOFTMAX.
    
    Arguments:
    X_train -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 1080)
    Y_train -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of training examples = 1080)
    X_test -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 120)
    Y_test -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of test examples = 120)
    learning_rate -- learning rate of the optimization
    num_epochs -- number of epochs of the optimization loop
    minibatch_size -- size of a minibatch
    print_cost -- True to print the cost every 100 epochs
    
    Returns:
    parameters -- parameters learnt by the model. They can then be used to predict.
    """
    
    ops.reset_default_graph()                         # to be able to rerun the model without overwriting tf variables
    tf.set_random_seed(1)                             # to keep consistent results
    seed = 3                                          # to keep consistent results
    (n_x, m) = X_train.shape                          # (n_x: input size, m : number of examples in the train set)
    n_y = Y_train.shape[0]                            # n_y : output size
    costs = []                                        # To keep track of the cost
    
    # Create Placeholders of shape (n_x, n_y)
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    X, Y = create_placeholders(n_x,n_y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###


    # Initialize parameters
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    parameters = initialize_parameters()
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Forward propagation: Build the forward propagation in the tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    Z3 = forward_propagation(X,parameters)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Cost function: Add cost function to tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    cost = compute_cost(Z3,Y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Backpropagation: Define the tensorflow optimizer. Use an AdamOptimizer.
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    # Initialize all the variables
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()


    # Start the session to compute the tensorflow graph
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        
        # Run the initialization
        sess.run(init)
        
        # Do the training loop
        for epoch in range(num_epochs):


            epoch_cost = 0.                       # Defines a cost related to an epoch
            num_minibatches = int(m / minibatch_size) # number of minibatches of size minibatch_size in the train set
            seed = seed + 1
            minibatches = random_mini_batches(X_train, Y_train, minibatch_size, seed)


            for minibatch in minibatches:


                # Select a minibatch
                (minibatch_X, minibatch_Y) = minibatch
                
                # IMPORTANT: The line that runs the graph on a minibatch.
                # Run the session to execute the "optimizer" and the "cost", the feedict should contain a minibatch for (X,Y).
                ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
                _ , minibatch_cost = sess.run([optimizer,cost],feed_dict={X:minibatch_X,Y:minibatch_Y})
                ### END CODE HERE ###
                
                epoch_cost += minibatch_cost / num_minibatches


            # Print the cost every epoch
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 100 == 0:
                print ("Cost after epoch %i: %f" % (epoch, epoch_cost))
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 5 == 0:
                costs.append(epoch_cost)
                
        # plot the cost
        plt.plot(np.squeeze(costs))
        plt.ylabel('cost')
        plt.xlabel('iterations (per tens)')
        plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(learning_rate))
        plt.show()


        # lets save the parameters in a variable
        parameters = sess.run(parameters)
        print ("Parameters have been trained!")


        # Calculate the correct predictions
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(Z3), tf.argmax(Y))


        # Calculate accuracy on the test set
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))


        print ("Train Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_train, Y: Y_train}))
        print ("Test Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_test, Y: Y_test}))
        
        return parameters

参考Andrew Ng深度学习课程。